alue":"The fish that built Norway","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For more than a thousand years, Vikings produced and ate dried cod, even using it for trade. This makes it Norway’s oldest export. The word skrei comes from the Norse word skreið which means ‘fish that wanders’. And wander it does. Every winter and spring, cod migrate in large numbers to the Norwegian coast, sustaining important livelihoods for locals. Dry fish production and trade still thrives in Norway today, such as in the Lofoten Islands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Photogenic reindeer","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The nomadic reindeer lives in large herds and travels long distances between its summer and winter-feeding areas. Today, herding reindeer in Norway is an exclusive privilege of the indigenous Sámi people.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Straddling a line between domesticated and wild animal, they are free to roam and graze where they choose. Like cows, reindeer are very even-tempered. As long as their surroundings are calm and still, they will happily feed around you and even pose for photos if their Sámi owners are nearby.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Birds of prey","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Watching a predatory bird engaged in a hunt is a thrilling aspect of birdwatching. The combination of raw speed, power and instinct coming together with such efficiency is fascinating to behold. In Norway, you’ll have a chance to observe 15 different bird-of-prey species including falcons, osprey, buzzards and eagles.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Northern Norway has the biggest population of white-tailed eagles in Europe, which is the largest bird of prey on the continent. It can have a wingspan of up to 2.5 metres. An optional sea eagle safari excursion during your expedition cruise may allow you to see just how big this bird is up close.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Underwater royalty","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The king crab is actually a late arrival to Norway’s waters. Initially, it belonged to the northern Pacific area and was introduced in the Murmansk Fjord near the Norwegian-Russian border in the 1960s.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"They are one of the biggest and most sought-after crustaceans in the world, weighing as much as 10 kg. The shield length can be up to 25 cm, and with extended claws, they can measure almost two metres across. The meat of the king crab is considered a delicacy, making it an essential part of the local fishing culture.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A skeleton on the outsider","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Mainly made of calcium, a king crab's shell is actually its skeleton. They will even moult this skeleton and grow new ones a few times in their 20 to 30-year life cycle. The tough carapace acts as a natural shield against predators such as cod, halibut, and octopuses. The weight of the skeleton, however, as much as 24 pounds, means king crabs can’t swim and are instead limited to clambering slowly along the sea floor with their long limbs.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"While most are drawn to Norway for its famous fjords and glorious mountains, many are thrilled to discover a range of wildlife thriving in its waters, skies, and hillsides.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-norway","title":"Wildlife in Norway","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reindeer","id":"4yIaMnKtHfwdVJ6ahRFS4A","slug":"reindeer","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/4k3kuiNlyuxMCwmjIKjb3N/0113afb6fd3b7f47ce61837c662aaaf2/Tromso-Norway-HGR-145554_1920-_Photo_Shutterstock.jpg","imageAlt":"Reindeer in the snow, Tromsø, Norway"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On the Pacific coast of the USA, Redwood National and State Parks in California and Olympic National Park near Seattle both share similar populations of wildlife. Acadia National Park is on the other side of the country to the east in Maine. Torngat Mountains National Park is further still, found in the upper reaches of Canada’s province of Newfoundland and Labrador.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Ancient trees","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Redwood National and State Park is located along the coast of northern California. As the name implies, the main draw here are the towering redwood trees. These are some of the tallest, oldest, and largest tree species on Earth. These natural skyscrapers create a home for a range of wildlife, including rare species like the northern spotted owl and the northern sea lion.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Roosevelt elks can sometimes be glimpsed roaming the forest, and you may also encounter black-tailed deer, river otters, and black bears. Smaller mammals, such as bats, red squirrels and northern flying squirrels are also not uncommon, as well as northern red-legged frogs, giant salamanders, and rough-skinned newts.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Gem of the Evergreen State","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In Washington state on the USA’s east coast, nicknamed the Evergreen State, Olympic National Park to the west of Seattle is its crown jewel. Here, you might glimpse Columbia black-tailed deer, snowshoe hares, mountain goats and cute Olympic marmots. The park is the habitat for 300 species of birds, including the iconic all-American bald eagle. Black bears can be seen roaming the land for sweet berries and in the water, you’ll find a rich marine life that is home to adorable sea otters, huge sea lions and magnificent gray whales.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Bear necessities","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Black bears are the only bear species found outside the Arctic and western regions of North America, and the only bear in Nova Scotia and parts of California. They are known to approach settled areas for easy food sources like beehives, agricultural crops, and even garbage. They stand about one-metre-high at the shoulder and can weigh up to 200 kilogrammes.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"National treasure on the Atlantic","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In Acadia National Park in Maine, you’ll find towering forests, wildflowers, rugged shores, hidden caves, and miles and miles of exciting hiking trails. Exploring the park, you might see black bears, white-tailed deer, playful raccoons, skunks, otters, foxes and if you’re lucky – the occasional moose.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This park has over 300 bird species that range from eagles and hawks to falcons and warblers. There is also rich marine life with seals, dolphins, and whales along the coast of Mount Desert Island. If you’re more of a reptile lover, you’re in luck: there are a variety of salamanders, toads, and frogs to spot in the crisp pine forest.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Air bags for deft divers","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Brown Pelican can often be seen dramatically dive-bombing into the waters below for fish, plummeting from as high as 65-70 feet. They can do this repeatedly and come out unfazed due to the friction-reducing angles of 60 or 90 degrees at which they dive. This is also thanks to special air sacs under their skin which inflate during the dive, cushioning the impact and protecting internal organs.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"‘Place of Spirits’","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Torngat Mountains National Park is a Canadian national park located on the Labrador Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Its name comes from the Inuktitut word “Tongait”, meaning “place of spirits”. The park’s vision is to protect its wildlife and give them a place to live in peace.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Naturally, the polar bears that prowl the park’s glorious landscape are right at home. If you’re lucky, you’ll be able to witness the grandeur of this powerful animal in its natural habitat. Caribous are also found here, often in small groups or herds.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Covered in scars","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Humpback whales are visible in the coastal waters of Nova Scotia from April to June or August to October as they migrate between polar and tropical seas. The grey whale is often seen off the Oregon coast and is characterised by grey-white patterns on its skin, which are in fact scars left by parasites which drop off once the whale migrates to colder feeding grounds.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Most of North America’s wildlife are concentrated and protected in its sizeable national parks. Our expeditions here visit four of them. Each is a home for rare and iconic animals.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-north-america","title":"Wildlife in North America","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Adventure","id":"2YeSEGQI2F4MNtE7IzIWt3","slug":"adventure","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Active Adventures","id":"1tdpevrJPqWGKF5VpC9mRn","slug":"active-adventures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Bears","id":"ozIZfkIbKr9zpXx59co6d","slug":"bears","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Colossal Redwoods","id":"201n5ICMsGY10TznyMCWou","slug":"colossal-redwoods","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/rQEkbimcOQJ2OGCGLcwcT/dbd37a84c60b03755bf65493dc35bce8/Dall-sheeps-Denali-NP-Alaska-HGR-142248_1920-_Photo_Shutterstock.jpg","imageAlt":"Dall-sheep, Denali National Park, Alaska"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As you travel between Costa Rica and Chile, you’ll come across desert and coastal plains, mangroves and rainforest. These are often inhabited by monkeys, guanacos, sloths, armadillos, coatis, and iguanas. Bird life is in abundance, especially on the remote islands which usually act as teeming nesting sites.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A birdwatchers’ paradise","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"From the tiny hummingbird to the mighty Andean Condor, the sea cliffs and rainforest canopies of South America are home to more than 3,000 species of birds. Over 2,500 are endemic to the region, such as El Oro parakeet and Scarlet Macaw.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With its oversized yellow bill, the Toco is one of the most recognisable tropical birds of South America. Their colourful beaks measure nearly half their length and play a vital role in courtship rituals, self-defence, and balance.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Keep an eye out for the striking feet of the aptly named blue-footed booby and the impressive wings of the waved albatross. Look in the sky for the latter, because this mighty flier can spend years at sea, only landing to breed.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Great diver, terrible dancer\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The blue-footed boobies are exceptional divers, able to swoop from 80 feet to catch fish. Their webbed feet range from pale turquoise to dark blue and indicate how healthy they are. During courtship, male boobies parade their bright feet to the female in a high-stepping strut. However, their name comes from the Spanish ‘bobo’ meaning ‘stupid’, due to their clumsy waddle when on land.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"King of birds","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Andean condor, with a wingspan reaching up to three metres, is one of the largest birds in the world. These scavengers live in the Andes Mountains and feed on the carrion of deer, cattle and even seals, and can travel 200 km in search of food. Black with bald heads, Andean condors have a distinctive collar of white neck feathers. Their head and neck feathers change colour depending on their mood.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You might not expect to see penguins so close to the equator, but the Humboldt Current brings cold water from Antarctica to South America, allowing colonies of Galápagos penguins to live comfortably along the coast. You may be able to spot these warm-blooded birds diving into the water, or panting like dogs to cool down on land.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Residents of the rainforest","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sailing through different climate zones, you’ll be introduced to an array of animal life. While hiking through tropical rainforests in Costa Rica, make sure to look up in the trees to see sloths lolling overhead, and listen out for the shriek of the howler monkey. You won’t have to listen too hard though, as their cry can be heard from up to three miles away.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Despite growing up to two metres long, the patterned skin of the iguana can make them difficult to spot in the rainforest, so watch your step! These docile reptiles are also common in the desert and along the coast.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Mighty marine animals","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The warm waters of South America are filled with wonderous sea life. From marine mammals like humpback whales, sea lions and dolphins to fish like manta rays and sharks, creatures big and small are attracted to the Pacific.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The waters of South America are home to five sea turtle species. The most common are the olive ridley, Pacific green and hawksbill. Leatherback turtles are rarer. These reptiles, while slow on land, can reach speeds over 20 miles an hour when swimming and can stay underwater for up to 30 minutes.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"See an astonishing array of wildlife along the diverse Pacific Coast of South America, from equatorial rainforests and isolated islands down to the fjords and glaciers of Patagonia.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-south-america","title":"Wildlife in South America","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Llamas","id":"398JXipMCda9mjzJjacvaR","slug":"llamas","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iguanas","id":"2yJWKtxZebJJChid5N6saM","slug":"iguanas","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Humpback Whales","id":"1OsrLq7CXIWejiXiOxWI5h","slug":"humpback-whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/4DeRUBtFjeSVRTlpvaWk0D/ee0839e945a8a116eb259d1083d3bf2a/Tiere-HGR-05186_1920.jpg","imageAlt":"Blue Macaws, South America"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sleek cetaceans","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Look out for the elusive beaked whale in the Bay of Biscay. As we cruise along the Atlantic coastline, you might spot bottlenose, common or striped dolphins, as well as fin or minke whales. Often found sailing in the wake of ships, these playful sea mammals travel alone or in groups, occasionally performing acrobatic displays. Dolphin sightings are also common in the North Sea around Southern Scandinavia in summer.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sociable and fun","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The coastal bottlenose dolphin is most commonly seen along the Atlantic coast of Europe from Scotland down to Spain. Their combined population in this region is estimated to be between 3,000 and 4,000. Much larger than other dolphin species, they can reach up to 4m in length. The bottlenose is grey with a pale underbelly, and has a curved head and stubby beak. Being fast swimmers, sociable, and fond of acrobatics, they are often seen leaping out of the water.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Snout nosed","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Harbour seals live in temperate and polar waters along the east and west coasts of the North Atlantic. Their population in this area numbers around 200,000. Adults average 150cm in length and weigh around 70-100 kg, about half the size of grey seals. With their rounded head and snout-like noses, they are distinguishable from grey seals, which have a “Roman nose”. Unlike grey seals, harbour seals give birth in the summer months, and have one pup a year.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Seabirds and shorebirds","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The climate, environment and conditions along Europe's Atlantic coast, the Channel and the North Sea welcome many breeds of sea and shore birds. In fact, the East Atlantic coast is one of the major routes for migratory birds, providing havens for staging and wintering. While spring and autumn are the main seasons for migration, you’ll see birds year-round.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Ile d’Aix and the area of Charente-Maritime attracts over 200 species of bird to its sandbanks and marshlands. Here and along the Brittany coast, you may spot Arctic Terns, puffins, guillemots and Razorbills. The UNESCO-listed Wadden Sea is the largest tidal flats system in the world and is home to 10,000 animal and plant species. It is an important resting area for migratory birds like the Eurasian Oystercatcher, Dunlin and the Black-tailed Godwit.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Seafood lover","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Eurasian Oystercatcher, with its elegant black and white plumage and long, orange-red bill and legs, is very distinctive from other waders. They are noisy birds, and are recognisable by their shrill peeping call. Eurasian Oystercatchers feed mainly on molluscs, crabs, earthworms and insect larvae. They use their bills to smash open shells and for foraging. They can also slide their laterally thin bills into mollusc shells, snip the adductor muscle to easily access the flesh.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The cold waters and coastal landscape of the North Sea attract a similar range of birds to Southern Scandinavia. Several hundred bird species have been sighted in the Skagen area of Denmark alone. As you explore the islands, skerries and shores of Bohuslän, Våderöarna, Kragerø and Farsund, you’ll be amazed at the variety of birdlife in your midst such as fulmars, storm-petrels, Northern Gannets.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Unique coldwater marine biosphere","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Koster Sea is home to Sweden’s only marine national park, and lies in the Bohuslän archipelago on the west coast. Here lies an incredible underwater ecosystem of cliffs and valleys, clay sea beds, forests of seaweed, rocky reefs, meadows of seagrass, shallow bays and narrow straits. Over 6,000 marine species thrive in its waters, with 200 species only found here. The area is home to one of the Atlantic’s largest coldwater coral reefs. \r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"While most of the Koster Islands sit outside the national park, their rich natural history is a protected nature reserve. The waters of the archipelago are home to lobsters, crabs, shellfish, mackerel, and shrimp, as well as a variety of sponges, corals and anemones. The Koster Sea also has the largest harbour seal population in the North Sea, and along with porpoises, can often be seen hunting for herring and mackerel.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There’s a fantastic variety of birdlife waiting to be discovered.  You might spot Barnacle Geese, Common Eider and Red-breasted Merganser feed in these areas or see cormorants, terns and oystercatchers interacting in their natural habitat.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Atlantic coastline of Europe and Southern Scandinavia are home to a vast array of seabirds and marine life, from hundreds of bird species to seals, dolphins, porpoise and fish. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-europe","title":"Wildlife in Europe","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Dolphins","id":"jSQ9xxGcBzavAljh4O3OU","slug":"dolphins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seabirds","id":"791HrwaStjNoA1ZpOMMxH6","slug":"seabirds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/6Oi1wKpEhUE9JfexKNC4pt/0335a5b556db9179134e1cba5bb19dd1/Shetland-Scotland-HGR-147465_1920-_Photo_Getty_Images.jpg","imageAlt":"Otter looking at the camera"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A rich natural history","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The complex geology of the British Isles coupled with glacial action during the Ice Ages has created a network of inlets, estuaries and oceanic shelves that permit an impressive variety of life to flourish, unusual for this latitude. These are, after all, the lands which inspired such great, world-renowned naturalists as Charles Darwin and Sir David Attenborough.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In fact, the greatest concentration of life in the British Isles can be found around its shorelines, which is ideal for visitors like you on an expedition cruise. From cliffs that are home to a huge variety of birdlife, to rockpools filled with crustaceans and other aquatic species, there’s a wealth of nature just waiting to be discovered.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Cities of seabirds","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are around 4,400 islands in the British Isles, yet only 210 of them are inhabited by people. Many of the others are home to colonies of seabirds who live undisturbed lives far away from human intervention. Our expedition ships take you to some of the wildest archipelagos and remote skerries, and birders will be amazed at the sheer variety and quantity of avian life on display.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Some of these colonies are so huge they are like avian cities, with many islands hosting thousands of breeding pairs of gannets, puffins and fulmars, to name but a few.\r\nJust by way of example, the tiny Scottish island of St Kilda is home to 17 different bird species and the largest Northern Gannet colony in the world.  Similarly, the Shiant Isles – also in Scotland – are an important ecosystem for Common Guillemots, Razorbills, Northern Fulmars, Black-legged Kittiwakes and Great Skuas.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A bright beak","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Atlantic Puffin is adored the world over for their small wings, soulful eyes and colourful, oversized beaks. In winter, the colourful parts of their bill fall off leaving behind a grey beak which ‘blooms’ orange again in the spring. It is thought that the brighter the colour the more chance a puffin has of finding a mate. They also skilfully use their beaks for holding fish in neat stacks, securing the fish with their tongues.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Magnificent marine life","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As we cruise around the islands and coasts of the British Isles, there are some 16 different species of cetacean to be found, from the biggest – humpback whales – to the smallest – harbour porpoises.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Song of the seas","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The humpback is the most common species of whale to be found in British waters. These gentle giants are known for their acrobatic behaviour and their complex and magical songs, which can last 30 minutes at a time and travel vast distances. Sounding like a long series of clicks, deep bass noises and whines, it’s only the males that make these melodies. Scientists have spent years trying to understand what they are saying, and yet it still remains a mystery.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The risso’s dolphin, found in the Irish Sea, has a distinctive blunt head and slender grey body. Over time, their grey skin becomes covered with white scars that look like chalk marks, incurred from hunting their favourite food, squid, and from social interactions with other risso’s dolphins.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are also twenty-one species of shark, including the giant basking shark which is often spotted in the seas around Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. But don’t worry, these fascinating and yet shy creatures are harmless to humans, and no shark bite from any species has ever been recorded around the British Isles since records began in 1847!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As you explore the Cornish coast and venture up to the Scottish isles, you might come across common and grey seals lounging on the beaches or shoreline rocks. Grey seals actually start life as fluffy white pups, tripling in size and growing darker as they age. Dark blotches and spots on their skin form unique patterns which help to identify individuals.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A tale of a tail","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The common European otter has made something of a comeback across the British Isles in recent years. Closely related to badgers and ferrets, the otter has a powerful tail which enables it to swim fast and it sometimes uses it for fighting off rivals. What’s more, otters occasionally use their tails as a third leg when standing upright, as well as a rudder when they float on their back. Look out for them at river mouths and in lochs.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The landscapes, coasts and seas of the British Isles are host to a multitude of wildlife – both large and small – which are sure to surprise and delight.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-the-british-isles","title":"Wildlife in the British Isles","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Dolphins","id":"jSQ9xxGcBzavAljh4O3OU","slug":"dolphins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seabirds","id":"791HrwaStjNoA1ZpOMMxH6","slug":"seabirds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/1Zzb3UnGYEgMfpUBxdKZB/1b7cfc601eea460956b9a7d4ee2823b0/British-isles-UK-HGR-143753_1920-_Photo_Getty_Images.jpg","imageAlt":"Stag, British Isles"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In a place without a real road system, one of the best ways to get to know the island is through cruise travel, which can bring you to places you never imagined you'd see and acquaint you with people you had no idea you'd ever meet. In Greenland, Inuit culture is thriving and adapting to the changing times, and Greenlanders are a famously friendly people.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You can meet local residents, go on hunting trips, sled with dogs and more - but make sure you don't miss out on what makes Greenland unique. While most people know it's quite cold (the icy answer to Iceland's truly green surrounds), there's much more to Greenland - and you don't have to forgo the trip entirely if you're not a fan of winter weather.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When should you go to Greenland?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Conde Nast Traveler recently published an article ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"http://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2015-06-16/5-things-you-must-do-in-greenland"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"recommending Greenland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" as an ideal destination year round. Whether you're looking to escape the heat of summer or experience some of the delights winter in Greenland brings, you're in luck. There's never a bad time to make the trip.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"However, you should consider what's important to you. If your heart is set on the northern lights and meeting sled dogs, it's best to wait til ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"winter","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" (even if you have to pack all of your wool clothing).","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you'd rather have a more temperate experience and still immerse yourself in the culture and landscape of Greenland, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"summer","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" could be a lovely time to go - and could also get you out of humid, hot days at home. In fact, most expedition cruises to Greenland take place between June and August because the melting ice makes it possible to navigate the fjords and bays along the coast.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"From dog sledding to glaciers - what activities should you do?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Greenland is a unique country, and provides many opportunities for travelers. One of the things everyone should do is get serious about sampling local cuisine. Whether you go with an excursion from your cruise ship or on your own to explore restaurants, you'll find freshly caught fish - and Greenland is the only place you can try Greenland salmon - as well as wild game that has recently been hunted. You may sample delicacies like seal and musk ox if you let yourself be governed by what's up for grabs at the place where you go to eat. Don't avoid unfamiliar food - some of them are only available in Greenland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You should also make sure to look around you at every step of the way. Greenland is beautiful, from its glaciers to its green meadows, and taking an excursion for the sole purpose of hiking around a little is a great idea. It's unlike any landscape you're likely to have seen before, so take plenty of pictures or even schedule a special photography cruise to treat yourself and bring home the best vacation photos around.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are many excursions available for the bold, from dog sledding to an actual several-night hunting experience (which is only for the very fit indeed). And then there's kayaking in the land of kayaks. If you're an adventurer, Greenland can cater to you exquisitely. You may see any one of a number of local animals, from seals and oxen to whales, on your travels, and you'll certainly be exposed to the elements in ways that aren't all too common back home. This is true whether you visit in winter or summer. If your intentions in going on a vacation include exploration and new challenges, Greenland is perfect for you.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Meeting the locals - who are they?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Greenlanders are a welcoming people, and it's more than worth your time to get to know them. There are many families willing to open their homes to travelers for some coffee and conversation, and an excursion to speak to locals is also possible on many Greenland cruises. The latter type of meeting is called a Kaffemik, according to Conde Nast, and used to take place mostly at pivotal moments in an Inuit family's lifetime. However, today you can attend such a gathering by invitation from locals who are happy to speak to travelers about their lives.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Most people in Greenland are of Inuit descent, though many also have Norwegian blood. Some are more recent arrivals to the island as well, but what unites them all is a love of where they live and a welcoming disposition. In a country founded by explorers, both Inuit and otherwise, you'll find kindred spirits and have conversations you will remember for a lifetime.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"People who choose to take a cruise to Greenland, instead of more typical destinations, are also an interesting bunch. They are likely to have the exploration bug just like you do, which means you might make lifetime friends among your fellow travelers simply because you all enjoy the kind of magic Greenland offers.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Often overshadowed by other destinations nearby, Greenland is an amazing country to visit. But when should you go and what do you do there?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"amazing-greenland-when-to-go-and-what-to-do-on-the-world-largest-island","title":"Amazing Greenland: when to go and what to do on the world’s largest island","tags":[{"name":"Greenland","id":"2yo1LbyTqmriY1qv3mQoYA","slug":"greenland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fjords","id":"5Us4WaDaqVfnoLSXxKPgNi","slug":"fjords","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Local History","id":"38nXD3sthYDYf8W1JXBufa","slug":"local-history","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Shore Excursions","id":"1INDwPqHhF2ln2RCkcjg0b","slug":"shore-excursions","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Sustainability","id":"4x7CNMnbfPCEBmIOHCUnpF","slug":"sustainability","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/CNXH0ugj7orY8Sk950MUl/4da9678c7bc2e6d47f712283f36ce573/Qeqertarsuaq__Greenland.jpg","imageAlt":"Kayaking, Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"From volcanic outcrops to tropical islands","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"350 miles off the coast of West Africa, Cape Verde sits at the confluence of different environmental influences. These 15 islands, of which only nine are inhabited, are tropical in latitude but they’re also affected by the arid winds of the Sahara Desert. At the same time, they’re cooled by the temperate tides and currents of the mid-Atlantic. These factors have allowed some distinctive biodiversity to evolve on the archipelago and in the surrounding seas.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Bissagos Islands, just off the coast of Guinea-Bissau, are comprised of over 88 islands and islets, scattered in the delta of the Rio Geba and the Rio Grande de Buba. They may have much in common with the tropical mainland to their east, but the saltwater habitat and relative lack of human interference have created a unique biosphere where the jungle meets the sea.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Marine paradise","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The waters around Cape Verde teem with a globally significant level of biodiversity due to both their location and geological history. Formed by volcanic activity, giant coral mountains rise up from the seabed and these provide rare oceanic habitats at a wide range of depths. Hundreds of different types of fish have been catalogued in these waters, along with at least 17 species of cetacean.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Eyes on the sky","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Cape Verde is undoubtedly a bird-watchers paradise. As we cruise the waters of the archipelago, you’ll be able to spot many of the fascinating species of seabirds that are either temporary visitors migrating to distant climes, such as sandpipers and spoonbills, or those which live there year-round, such as the Madeiran Storm Petrel, known locally as the jaba-jaba.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Saltwater seclusion","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In 1996 the Bissagos Islands were declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and as you cruise around them, you’ll see why. A relative lack of human development and a wide range of diverse ecosystems, such as mangroves swamps and coastal savanna, have created a fragile but rich habitat just off the coast of West Africa.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The islands are home to many species of sea turtle, in particular the endangered green sea turtle, as well as crocodiles and a plethora of stingrays and sharks, including grey reefs and hammerheads. Also present are dolphins, West African manatees, and of course the famed but rare saltwater hippos.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Animal magnetism","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The loggerhead turtle may have been using the Earth’s magnetic field to navigate far longer than human sailors. After spending most of her adult life alone and at sea, the female loggerhead will only return to land to lay eggs. Although it’s still a theory, marine biologists believe they may use magnetite, an iron compound in their brains, to navigate the Earth’s magnetic field and return to the exact beach where they hatched many years earlier.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Slap happy","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A humpback whale ‘breaching’ is one of nature’s most awe-inspiring sights. Cape Verde is one of only a few known breeding grounds in the North Atlantic for this endangered species. It’s not uncommon to witness their incredible acrobatic displays as they launch their huge bodies above the water and slap the surface with their fins or tail flukes. While it’s unclear if the purpose of breaching is communication, navigation, parasite control or just fun, that doesn’t lessen its impact.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sink or swim","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although we may think of hippos as aquatic creatures, their huge bulk and dense bones mean they are not skilled deep-water swimmers. This usually confines them to shallow freshwater river systems, however, the Bissagos hippos have overcome this and have made the saltwater lagoons and intertidal swamps of the islands their home.  They spend the whole day wading in this marine environment, enjoying the benefits of saltwater without risk of drowning.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The rocky volcanic promontories of isolated Cape Verde, the seas around them, and the skies above, teem with life, while the lush green tropical archipelago of the Bissagos Islands is a treasure trove of biodiversity. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-west-africa-and-cape-verde","title":"Wildlife in West Africa \u0026 Cape Verde","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Sea turtles","id":"2jL2o5ZFH6wIf5UguqrMB7","slug":"sea-turtles","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Saltwater Hippos","id":"3tXnQjADP4a5Q0Eoy3mpOW","slug":"saltwater-hippos","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/6riaS8Lr9nUU9e7bMmEPJm/60c24f3c98a3d7a3b078773c4cb023ce/West-Africa-HGR-147636_1920-_Photo_Getty_Images.jpg","imageAlt":"Hippo, West Africa"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Given the paradise setting of Central America and the Caribbean, you’d be forgiven for feeling a little jealous of the colourful wildlife who call it home. You’ll find the wildlife to be as characterful and fascinating as you can imagine, whether that’s up among the leaves of palm tree jungles or the corals of its warm turquoise waters.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Slow and steady\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Six of the seven known species of sea turtle are found in this region. Snorkelling opportunities, perhaps within Belize’s famed barrier reef, will give you a chance to scan for loggerhead, hawksbill and green turtles. If you’re lucky, you might even spot the iconic leatherback turtle in the UNESCO marine sites in Bocas del Toro, a gorgeous archipelago off the Panamanian coast.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Same habitat, opposite habits\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A highlight of an optional hike in the forests here, such as the Arenal area in Costa Rica, is the chance of spotting two very different animals – monkeys and sloths. You’ll hear howler monkeys before you see them – their calls can be heard as far as three miles. Jumpy spider monkeys are usually nearby too as well as white-faced capuchins with their distinctive black caps.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Superior swingers\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The secret to why the spider monkey seems perfectly adapted for high life in the canopy is down to two aspects. The first is its tail, probably the most powerful tail of all animals, and capable of supporting the spider monkey’s entire body. The underside of where the tail curls has no fur and resembles a palm, for extra grip. The other factor is the spider monkey’s long, slender fingers which wrap securely around branches, and with no thumbs to get in the way.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Unlike their noisy, never-sit-still, treetop neighbours, sloths are silent and extremely slow-paced. You’ll see them avoiding anything strenuous, hanging upside down in large-leaved trees, feeding or more likely, sleeping.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Slow but super strong\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sloths have the lowest metabolic rate of any mammal and it takes them a month to digest a single leaf as it passes through its permanently full four-chambered stomach. But their stamina, grip, and strength are the envy of any climber. From the moment they are born, they can lift their whole body weight up with just one arm. Even with 30% less muscle mass than similar-sized animals, they are still three times stronger than the average human!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Excitingly exotic birds\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Central America and the Caribbean are populated by a kaleidoscopic array of birdlife including many rare species. Exploring the Mayan ruins of Altun Ha in Belize on an optional excursion will reward you with roughly 200 bird species to scan for. A bird tower will allow you an uninterrupted view of the protected Red-footed Booby in Half Moon Caye, Lighthouse Reef. Hiking in Costa Rica could include sightings of a Keel-billed Toucan, Red-lored Parrot, or a resplendent Quetzal.\n\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The top tool for the toucan\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A toucan’s beak or bill usually comprises one third of its entire body. Made of keratin – the same protein hair and nails are made of – the beak has a hollow honeycomb structure inside, making it lightweight. It also has a serrated edge, perfect for when the toucan wants to peel fruit with amazing precision. Toucans regulate blood flow to their bill to help control their body temperature and are even known to use their beaks for balance when sleeping.\n\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A sea of living colour","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the Caribbean Sea’s crystal-clear waters, coral reefs teem with a remarkable variety of aquatic life. Over 700 fish species live here, from graceful angelfish to large manta rays. Picture yourself snorkelling in Isla de Providencia’s shallow waters off the coast of Columbia, spotting turtles, octopuses, and starfish constellations amongst the coral. Bliss.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Giants of the ocean\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Seeing a pod of whales feeding or sometimes breaching the waters with acrobatic flips is a highlight of every expedition. From July to mid-November, humpback whales migrate from the Antarctic peninsula to breed in the warm waters of Costa Rica. The rock formation at Cabo San Lucas’s tip, where the sea of Cortez meets the Pacific, is a picturesque location to spot humpback whales in an optional excursion.\n\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Playful dolphins\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You’ll be able to identify common dolphins with their distinctive hourglass shape while scanning for wildlife from deck. You’ll probably spot them as well as larger bottlenose dolphins at the bow of the ship. An optional boat excursion in the beautiful Huatulco National Park in Mexico will give you the opportunity of seeing these playful creatures in their natural habitat. \r\n","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The warm climate of the region creates a range of wildlife habitats: lowland rainforest,\nisolated beaches, mangrove swamps, waterfalls – each rich with life.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-central-america-and-caribbean","title":"Wildlife in Central America \u0026 Caribbean","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Monkeys","id":"1knXsV3e2I3h0vIyBZStho","slug":"monkeys","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Sloths","id":"4hftiijPUHG0CkgEkD1GgT","slug":"sloths","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Dolphins","id":"jSQ9xxGcBzavAljh4O3OU","slug":"dolphins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Turtles","id":"60oQJxXysd0oqISEyIW8Yw","slug":"turtles","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tropical Fish","id":"5DQWTEUAwlKbr7JrpOz9Vw","slug":"tropical-fish","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/676GIMXtsUVpcgYdkaML9K/8e29c41ba1c6050fa9bb1a4bd6d120e4/Toucan-Puerto-Limon-Costa-Rica-HGR-114217_1920-_Photo_Shutterstock.jpg","imageAlt":"Toucan, Puerto Limon, Costa-Rica"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you look at a Greenland Sea map, you'll see that it’s near Greenland. But, there’s so much more to discover. Read on to find out everything you need to know about this 1.2 million square kilometer body of water.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Where is the Greenland Sea?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Greenland Sea is one of the bodies of water between Iceland, Norway, the Svalbard archipelago; and its namesake, Greenland. It's also bordered by other bodies of water: to the north is the Arctic Ocean, to the south-east the Norwegian Sea and to the south-west by a passage called the Denmark Strait which, confusingly, is nowhere near mainland Denmark. The large majority of the sea is above the Arctic Circle although the parts nearest to Iceland are slightly south of it.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How cold is the Greenland Sea?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In a word: very. Water temperatures have been rising steadily since 1985, but they're always below freezing. The highest temperatures ever recorded there have all been in the last few years, but the warmest was just over -0.8°C. Though this is still pretty cold, it’s too warm for scientists, who have noted that temperatures in the sea are rising 10 times faster than average global rates.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"What lives in the Greenland Sea?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Medieval Greenland Sea maps show it to be populated by giant octopuses, flying turtles and a horse-fish hybrid. Though the truth is a little less fantastical, this body of water is home to some very interesting, real animals. Fish, birds, mammals and invertebrates all call it home.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Perhaps the most interesting-looking inhabitants of the sea are the hooded seals, which have spotted pelts and an inflatable ‘bladder’ on their heads. These waters are one of their main breeding grounds, but seal hunting in the area and changes in climate has sadly left them an endangered species.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Other endangered animals that rely on the Greenland Sea include a large number of whales. The blue, fin and sperm whales are all found here and they're all on the endangered species list, as are the narwhal and beluga.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Is climate change having an impact on the Greenland Sea?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With sea ice melting at its fastest rate in 1,500 years, sea levels are rising fairly rapidly in Greenland, which is having a direct impact on marine life. Meltwater from icebergs releases large amounts of fresh water into the sea which results in the volume of salt in the water being diluted. This means there are fewer nutrients in the water for the plankton and algae to eat. Less plankton means less food for the fish, and falling numbers of fish means fewer marine mammals – if this trend continues, these waters could have a much smaller selection of inhabitants in the next few centuries or even decades.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Teeming with life, despite the Arctic temperatures, the Greenland Sea is a home to more than just icebergs. These waters provide the ideal conditions for seals, whales and many fascinating fish to thrive, which is why the fact that it's being impacted by climate change – as evidenced by the decrease in plankton and fish numbers – is something we should all be concerned about. Whale watchers and seal enthusiasts should visit now before it’s too late.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Dive in and Learn All About the Greenland Sea","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How much do most people know about the Greenland Sea? Perhaps it’s obvious that because a lot of it is within the Arctic Circle it’s going to be cold and probably full of icebergs.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"about-greenland-sea","title":"Greenland Sea - about","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland Sea","id":"2HHzem9nMIPNpk3PF5w6uy","slug":"greenland-sea","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland","id":"2yo1LbyTqmriY1qv3mQoYA","slug":"greenland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland gyrfalcon","id":"56RPTQd2EP6zYHv6WtHXPY","slug":"greenland-gyrfalcon","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Environmental commitment","id":"2NIYCatmhsfbBP3GGDIgVR","slug":"environmental-commitment","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Changing Climate","id":"XyIdtcUdflinfFGlfzw7v","slug":"changing-climate","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Sustainability","id":"4x7CNMnbfPCEBmIOHCUnpF","slug":"sustainability","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Exploring","id":"6N21x76eFw7hPekzSet0vt","slug":"exploring","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Adventure","id":"2YeSEGQI2F4MNtE7IzIWt3","slug":"adventure","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/49nJDAKaV3lfXKRgPwT6Kn/5ca06a04201d2a2775d60de7e8784892/Isfjorden__Ilulissat_Gronland_Photo_Thomas_Haltner.jpg","imageAlt":"Isfjorden, Ilulissat Greenland"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"However, it’s a bit more complicated than simply how far north a country is. Some of the following factors mean that Greenland’s climate often doesn’t feel as cold as the mercury in the thermometer might suggest.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Here are five interesting facts about the climate of Greenland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"The North of Greenland gets very little snow","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Greenland is covered by 1.8 million square kilometres of ice, accounting for more than 80% of its landmass, but the land at its northernmost point is actually free from ice. This area is a peninsula called Peary Land and lacks an ice sheet because dry air means snowfall is too low to maintain one. It’s considered a polar desert and even during the last ice age it wasn’t covered in glaciers.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Lack of humidity in Greenland makes the climate warmer","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A lack of moisture in the air can make cold weather feel warmer. There are further benefits to Greenland’s low humidity: you’ll be able to see distant landscapes more clearly. And the air quality is said to be among the best in the world. So, a trip to Greenland could quite literally be a breath of fresh air.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"The timing of your Greenland trip should depend on your plans","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Choosing when to visit Greenland depends on what you’d like to do when you get there. Greenland experiences 24 hours of sunlight during the summer, this phenomenon is known as the midnight sun. In contrast, during the winter months some areas experience several days with no sunlight at all.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The summer months, with long days under the midnight sun, are best for activities like hiking and sailing; they’re also the optimum time for a spot of whale watching. The winter’s best for those looking to take part in snowy activities like dog sledding. If you want to go searching for the Northern lights, you’ll need to visit between September and March.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"The climate of Greenland experiences highs and lows","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The lowest temperature ever observed in Greenland was a freezing -66 degrees Celsius in the 1950s. Greenland recently managed to set a record for the coldest July temperature, with -33 degrees Celsius recorded in 2017. More southern settlements have, however, recently reached giddy heights during the summer, with Nuuk reaching 24 degrees Celsius in June 2016.\n","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Climate change has revealed a new island off the coast of Greenland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"An ice sheet off the coast of Greenland has retreated revealing that what was previously believed to be a peninsula connected to the mainland, is actually an island. This area of land is now known as ‘Warming Island’ or Uunartoq Qeqertoq in Inuit, and was revealed in 2005. The US Geological Survey has speculated that more islands could potentially reveal themselves as the ice sheet thaws further.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"ordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Greenland’s climate is definitely cold; in certain places and at certain times of the year, it can be exceptionally so. Nevertheless, the climate of Greenland can also be relatively comfortable – T-shirt weather does sometimes occur, and you could even go as far as packing your sun cream.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Greenland’s northernmost point is just 708 km away from the North Pole and forms part of the Arctic Circle. While the noun Arctic refers to that geographical area, ‘arctic’ is also widely recognised as an adjective to describe something as ‘extremely cold’. With that in mind, Greenland’s climate can definitely be described as arctic.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"greenland-climate-facts","title":"5 interesting facts about the Climate of Greenland","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland","id":"2yo1LbyTqmriY1qv3mQoYA","slug":"greenland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Environmental commitment","id":"2NIYCatmhsfbBP3GGDIgVR","slug":"environmental-commitment","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Sustainability","id":"4x7CNMnbfPCEBmIOHCUnpF","slug":"sustainability","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Onboard lectures","id":"7kIRKI9tohBGuSpjZXE8a4","slug":"onboard-lectures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Educational","id":"7F4afOIfk4ydt02dF9oNPq","slug":"educational","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Fox","id":"1wlrlA98S4R6TiRbdKcyC3","slug":"arctic-fox","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland gyrfalcon","id":"56RPTQd2EP6zYHv6WtHXPY","slug":"greenland-gyrfalcon","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Northern Lights ","id":"18fcVgb4CILKe3613DWTLK","slug":"northern-lights-","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Photography","id":"dl0bTxedlYkEnescTnCZv","slug":"photography","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/1ZshklFWtMHasjnAvMIvaj/13a7062f18a5706a3d9140d28c26d5d4/Uunartoq__Greenland_Andreas_Kalvig_Anderson.jpg","imageAlt":"Uunartoq, Greenland"},{"body":null,"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On a Greenland cruise with Hurtigruten, voyagers will get an authentic experience with the ancient culture and stunning wildlife. In a land dominated by ice sheets, there are limitless natural attractions. Check out these fascinating facts about the world's largest island:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"22-fun-facts-about-greenland","title":"22 fun facts about Greenland","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland","id":"2yo1LbyTqmriY1qv3mQoYA","slug":"greenland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland gyrfalcon","id":"56RPTQd2EP6zYHv6WtHXPY","slug":"greenland-gyrfalcon","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland Sea","id":"2HHzem9nMIPNpk3PF5w6uy","slug":"greenland-sea","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fram Strait","id":"sFmlmaab55g5cuPKs2ZUh","slug":"fram-strait","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Active Adventures","id":"1tdpevrJPqWGKF5VpC9mRn","slug":"active-adventures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Fox","id":"1wlrlA98S4R6TiRbdKcyC3","slug":"arctic-fox","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Aurora Borealis","id":"5UNSShvHawc7gMwCymppbN","slug":"aurora-borealis","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Glacier","id":"2bpqtDMpO8AEn66NSCpvQu","slug":"glacier","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Landings","id":"7FaelB2eGBOkHzFE1171Kk","slug":"landings","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Northern Lights ","id":"18fcVgb4CILKe3613DWTLK","slug":"northern-lights-","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Photography","id":"dl0bTxedlYkEnescTnCZv","slug":"photography","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/yVJkqrEJIcU3gfIiWrNor/342cd7364396226f36973a6bb3ba0feb/Nunap_Isua_Thomas_Mauch.jpg","imageAlt":"Nunap Isua"},{"body":null,"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"8 facts about polar bears that you didn’t know","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The African jungle has the lion, the Arctic has the polar bear. This fierce yet cuddly-looking creature dominates the icy wilderness at the top of the food chain. If visitors are lucky, they'll come across the polar bear on a cruise to Svalbard. Check out these facts about polar bears - the king of the ice!\n","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"8-facts-you-didnt-know-about-polar-bears","title":"8 facts you didn't know about polar bears","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Svalbard","id":"2gbYl70TVCL5cgZrRmq4dP","slug":"svalbard","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland","id":"2yo1LbyTqmriY1qv3mQoYA","slug":"greenland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"The Northwest Passage","id":"7dDJ4rgDtlVcTSZLbNmK29","slug":"the-northwest-passage","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Polar bears","id":"Ehb1ZZwrnt7YITXH7R7VZ","slug":"polar-bears","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Active Adventures","id":"1tdpevrJPqWGKF5VpC9mRn","slug":"active-adventures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Fox","id":"1wlrlA98S4R6TiRbdKcyC3","slug":"arctic-fox","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Aurora Borealis","id":"5UNSShvHawc7gMwCymppbN","slug":"aurora-borealis","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/27CxCMTzotCksNKZd2bshb/8fa455672dd3a7cd86568864cad6c0ec/Polar_Bear_Cubs.jpg","imageAlt":"Polar Bear Cubs"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"An Arctic web of life","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With under 60,000 people living in an area of over 836,000 square miles, the overwhelming majority of Greenland remains genuinely wild and undisturbed. Despite its northerly latitude a variety of wildlife is able to prosper in the deep fjords, on remote islands and along the peaceful shores. The whole island is in fact one vast, interconnected ecosystem, supporting a delicate web of life.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With around four fifths of Greenland covered by an inhospitable ice sheet, most wildlife is to be found around the country’s ice-free periphery, which when added up covers an area roughly the size of Germany. Coastal waters rich in fish create ideal conditions for shore-based life to thrive, such as seals and birds, which are prey for predators including polar bears and Arctic foxes.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Warm blood in a cold climate","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The short summers and cold winters in Greenland make survival a challenge for warm blooded animals, nevertheless nine species of native mammal have adapted to this harsh environment. All of them have thick fur for insulation, and three species – polar bears, Arctic hares and Arctic foxes – have white coats to help camouflage them against the snow.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Translucent fur","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although classified as a marine mammal, polar bears are not, as you might think, a completely unique species. In fact, they are really a sister species of the brown bear that has evolved to live north of the Arctic Circle. These warm-blooded creatures retain heat using a combination of dense body fat and translucent fur composed of hollow hairs which trap air and diffuse light. Surprisingly, their skin under all that fur is black, meaning they can absorb the sun’s rays more efficiently.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the more commonly sighted mammals is the musk ox, albeit usually well away from human settlements. The less frequently sighted warm-blooded animals include Arctic lemmings, reindeer, stoats, Arctic wolves, wolverines and polar bears, all of which live in remote areas. Domesticated Greenland dogs, which are an everyday sight around some settlements, are in fact non-native having descended from Siberian wolves.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Warmer than wool","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At first glance one might assume the musk ox is a type of bison, but the truth is they’re more closely related to goats. This may explain why the fur of their underbellies is so highly prized and said to be the warmest and softest form of wool on earth. Quiviut, as it’s called by Greenlanders, is traditionally collected from the moulted fur of wild musk oxen each spring and spun into yarn for hats and scarves.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sea and shore life","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As we cruise along the unspoiled coastline of Greenland, we’ll be on the lookout for the creatures that make the seas and shores their home. Sixteen species of cetacean have been recorded in coastal waters, including minke and humpback whales, while porpoises and dolphins are sometimes spotted feeding in the food-rich waters around fjords. Disko Bay is the best place for seeing whales.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"What’s more, there’s a diverse range of birdlife, with around 230 observed species either living in Greenland year-round or else visiting as a seasonal migrant, including various birds of prey. Around the shores you might see skuas, Northern Fulmars and Glaucous Gulls, while on land, Lapland Buntings and Snow Buntings are common breeders.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Island dwellers","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Snow Bunting is unique in that it’s the most northerly breeding land-based bird. These small white songbirds arrive in the high Arctic in spring to claim their nesting sites. Often, these sites will be situated on nunataks, which are rocky protrusions in ice fields. Snow Buntings build their nests in cracks in the rocks, insulating them with feathers and bits of fur, and are one of the few species to inhabit these ‘islands’ dotting the landscape.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Your Expedition Team will take you to the locations which past experience has taught them are the best places to see wildlife, while the Science Center has a wealth of information about local nature for you to draw upon and help you get the best from your voyage to Greenland.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The coastal ice-free fringe of Greenland supports a range of mammals and birds living in the seas, fjords and protected areas, offering nature lovers a unique wildlife experience. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-greenland","title":"Wildlife in Greenland","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Fox","id":"1wlrlA98S4R6TiRbdKcyC3","slug":"arctic-fox","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland gyrfalcon","id":"56RPTQd2EP6zYHv6WtHXPY","slug":"greenland-gyrfalcon","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/7wP6w8yKJS48QNsde3HxOj/e94111980bb64ca0ee22524b9323a2b1/bird-at-sea-hgr-128100_1920-photo_andrea_klaussner.jpg","imageAlt":"Greenland Gyrfalcon - Photo: Andrea Klaussner"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Penguins are some of the most iconic residents of Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere. Roughly 12 million of them live on this frozen continent: from rotund little families waddling over the ice to majestic patriarchs standing tall and proud, with their black feathers resembling a tailcoat. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"We sat down with our resident expert, Rob Lidstone-Scott, to get you up to speed with some fascinating facts about penguins.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"All over the world, penguins are adored for their resilience and their charm. Here are 14 fun facts about penguins in Antarctica and beyond. 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Credit: Dan Avila\n"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Some might be surprised to discover that Paradise Bay is not a white, sandy beach on a tropical island somewhere, but one of the world’s most beautiful frozen landscapes. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Where is Paradise Bay? It’s a harbor near Lemaire and Bryde Islands on the Antarctic Peninsula’s west coast and plays host to ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/stories/wildlife-in-antarctica/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"colossal whales and fluffy penguins","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" – a must-see on any ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/destinations/antarctica-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antarctica trip","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Here are five facts about Paradise Bay.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Paradise Bay is one of Antarctica’s wonders – a frozen landscape that plays host to whales and penguins amidst its glaciated mountains.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"paradise-bay-facts","title":"Five facts about Antarctica’s Paradise Bay","tags":[{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctic Circle","id":"2bNa9rkmWYQkBwZAOvYZHf","slug":"antarctic-circle","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seabirds","id":"791HrwaStjNoA1ZpOMMxH6","slug":"seabirds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Hiking*","id":"1cEdfbyNsP60r80lcoQc4C","slug":"hiking","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Paradise Bay","id":"3yGs0u3PolzYmWMlgB2IJW","slug":"paradise-bay","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/51D92Z5JC9li7yHHPzOzC8/c8ba96b3db05fca5fce48af21dd0a8c1/crop_fe5_u8L0_82eba925-b0db-4f10-ab0d-6e7deea23529.jpg","imageAlt":"Nature scenery in Paradise Bay, Antarctica. Credit: Yuri Choufour"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"South Georgia is full of surprises. Known to adventurous travelers as the “Galapagos of the Southern Ocean”, this incredibly remote island was made famous by Ernest Shackleton and is accessible only by boat. Few will ever set foot here, but with its plentiful array of penguins, seals and whales, it’s a must-see on any ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/destinations/antarctica-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"cruise to Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This is a destination with much to see and experience, so here are our top 5 things to do on South Georgia Island.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"A ghost town","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"South Georgia Island’s main town is ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/stories/south-georgia-grytviken-travel-guide/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Grytvitken","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". Once bustling with life, filled with whaling workers and their families, it now resembles something of a ghost town. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"People often wonder, do people live on South Georgia Island? The answer is, yes. A handful of people live on the island all year round to manage the museum, post office and gift shop, while the 15 or so government officials, scientists and support staff that work here come and go as required. All that remains is a church, cemetery and a tiny cinema, so there’s a serene, untouched atmosphere that’s perfect for anyone looking for a little tranquility.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Remote and enchantingly tranquil, this is a place filled with stories, wildlife and untouched wilderness. 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Credit: Yuri Choufour / HX Hurtigruten Expeditions."},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It may sound strange, but Antarctica is actually a desert.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It’s the lack of precipitation in the region that makes it a desert by definition but, despite the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/stories/changing-climate-in-antarctica/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"challenging climatic conditions","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", plants in Antarctica still manage to thrive here.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The continent’s dark, frozen conditions make photosynthesis almost impossible for all but the most robust plant species. So much of the landmass is blanketed in a permanent layer of ice and snow that there is very little exposed ground for Antarctica’s plants to take root. In fact, a mere 1% of the continent is currently home to any form of plant life, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/antarctic-grass-thrives-in-a-changing-climate/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"but this is changing","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Despite its frozen landscapes and challenging climatic conditions, there are plenty of plants in Antarctica, from grasses and lichens to fungi and mosses.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"plants-in-antarctica","title":"Antarctica’s Plants: Thriving in the Wilderness","tags":[{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Scenery","id":"6YYvfq0T2LMZJIc3hLAIJA","slug":"spectacular-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Landscapes","id":"dVrOFmJhKyrywuD81woVg","slug":"spectacular-landscapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Incredible Icescapes","id":"4jAWao4jFK6ZB4fTdPi3M5","slug":"incredible-icescapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icebergs","id":"1rKYyhgj6xh1c8aG6UooSA","slug":"icebergs","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/4nK3BTF0mHnQVN5ZTIoe1d/8a3f2b40ac8f289f91aba4eb0ff86fd8/king-penguins_fortuna-bay_daniel-avis.jpg","imageAlt":"King Penguins, Fortuna Bay. \nPhoto: Daniel Avis"},{"body":null,"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"UTAS and IMAS are developing our understanding of the impact climate change is having on the delicate ecosystems in the southern Atlantic Ocean.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"university-of-tasmania-institute-for-marine-antarctic-studies","title":"University of Tasmania and Institute for Marine \u0026 Antarctic Studies","tags":[{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctic Circle","id":"2bNa9rkmWYQkBwZAOvYZHf","slug":"antarctic-circle","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Humpback Whales","id":"1OsrLq7CXIWejiXiOxWI5h","slug":"humpback-whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Archipelago","id":"6Nh61zjxjBFSqbOOL9h8G8","slug":"arctic-archipelago","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Circle","id":"15DvpKFdW9obHFYFUrkI2K","slug":"arctic-circle","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife watching","id":"2JkXRIKHI1QFsZ0jVBxKtZ","slug":"wildlife-watching","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icebergs","id":"1rKYyhgj6xh1c8aG6UooSA","slug":"icebergs","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Glacier","id":"2bpqtDMpO8AEn66NSCpvQu","slug":"glacier","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland","id":"2yo1LbyTqmriY1qv3mQoYA","slug":"greenland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Norway","id":"elpwC2RmGjfpzOzxcKE9k","slug":"norway","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Alaska","id":"4Xt1tiWXvLVPEXlezxObbK","slug":"alaska","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Citizen Science","id":"75x5ok1Y6kUuK5M7kySkxS","slug":"citizen-science","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Science \u0026 Geology","id":"46KgcPo642LKZMpUIi7RlL","slug":"science--geology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Science Center","id":"6NiDuKXKaxUL1Y4N2VrrLR","slug":"science-center","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3XRFNevg9eGqxHUyzXgv83/305d6629ea7b3b77590957b5365e8fa3/citizen-science-danco-island-antarktis_genna_roland-min.jpg","imageAlt":"Citizen Science, Danco Island, Antarctica - Photo Credit: Genna Roland"},{"body":null,"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"From a childhood passion to a career at the forefront of science and conservation: Dr. Emily Baxter is dedicated to ensuring that you (our guests) have an immersive and hands-on experience.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"head-of-guest-learning","title":"Dr. Emily Baxter | Head of Guest Learning","tags":[{"name":"Crew Bio","id":"2625XczAAgI32MaecWV3ba","slug":"crew-bio","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"MS Maud","id":"1ga4L5rtGMHVVt16BI2uZ7","slug":"ms-maud","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Northern Lights ","id":"18fcVgb4CILKe3613DWTLK","slug":"northern-lights-","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Norway","id":"elpwC2RmGjfpzOzxcKE9k","slug":"norway","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"British Isles","id":"5tLNn7OrPwDnUdPz6RLae9","slug":"british-isles","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/7IBdSwRp0uOKnrHtiLBYNc/f0cd913ba9de0daa78258c19c4f4ef1a/Driving_the_underwater_drone.jpg","imageAlt":"Dr. Emily Baxter driving the underwater drone. Photo Credit: Dr. Emily Baxter"},{"body":null,"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Find out how Penguin Watch is using the latest technology to help count (and watch) the penguins of Antarctica.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"penguin-watch","title":"Penguin Watch","tags":[{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Humpback Whales","id":"1OsrLq7CXIWejiXiOxWI5h","slug":"humpback-whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife watching","id":"2JkXRIKHI1QFsZ0jVBxKtZ","slug":"wildlife-watching","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Science Center","id":"6NiDuKXKaxUL1Y4N2VrrLR","slug":"science-center","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Science \u0026 Geology","id":"46KgcPo642LKZMpUIi7RlL","slug":"science--geology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Citizen Science","id":"75x5ok1Y6kUuK5M7kySkxS","slug":"citizen-science","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Bowhead Whales","id":"7opSxpte4tWmgqUlWauEIx","slug":"bowhead-whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Marine Life","id":"1XtDRLHV3s6n6VTOXWl7l1","slug":"marine-life","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/5fmCnvURN18JonOCIbn5PG/8bac2d73945e72913b0945c18d302b96/Telefon_Bay_Antarctica_HGR_151204_1920_Photo_Espen_Mills.jpg","imageAlt":"Penguin in Telefon Bay, Antarctica. Photo credit: Espen Mills"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Reuters reported 10 percent of Icelanders believe in supernatural beings, while 10 percent do not - the remaining 80 percent either have no strong feelings either way or refuse to deny their existence entirely.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Belief in huldufólk - hidden people or elves - is fairly common, to such an extent that roadwork projects that run into trouble are sometimes said to be angering local elves and a medium must be consulted before work can continue.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you are travelling to Iceland, you have a unique opportunity to visit the sites of thousands of years of mythology and folklore - and perhaps even to see elves and trolls yourself, if some locals are to be believed. Learning about the country's folklore is a unique way to experience Icelandic culture, and certainly not a common experience.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For the discriminating and perhaps the quirky traveler, making a trip around Iceland based on myth and legend may be the best way to explore the country.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Here are a few otherworldly sights and sites to look for while you're in Iceland:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Álfhól","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wherever you are in Iceland - whether in a populated city or the middle of supernatural-seeming wilderness - you're likely to come across álfhól. These are small wooden houses people construct for the benefit of elves, who are said to live in them. You may even see very small churches, which are created for the purpose of converting the elves to Christianity. These elf homes range from simple to quite elaborate, and seeing how many you can spot while you're in Iceland can be an amusing pastime. Remember to take plenty of pictures for your friends back home - it's unlikely they've ever seen somewhere elves live.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Special Times for the Huldufólk","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Certain holidays seem to bring the huldufólk out of hiding in Iceland. If you are in the country during New Year's Eve, Twelfth Night, Midsummer or Christmas night, expect to hear folktales of elves holding parties or humans hosting bonfires for them. It is also an Icelandic custom to clean the house and leave food for the huldufólk on Christmas - a tradition you may wish to participate in from on board your cruise if you're there at the right time. Midsummer night brings the chance to sit at a crossroads and have the huldufólk offer you great gifts - but the real rewards come from refusing them, or so the stories say.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Trolls of Vík","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you decide to visit the beautiful black sand beach in Vík, you will encounter trolls, according to local legend. This site is worth a visit all on its own, as it is one of the world's most enchanting beaches tucked away near a very small city. If you look off the shore, however, you will notice basalt rock formations known as Reynisdrangar. The legend says these rocks are really trolls, who were caught in the sunlight as they tried to drag ships ashore and were turned forever to stone.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sea Monsters","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Monsters, known in Icelandic as skrimsli, may live in the sea, according to many. Reuters spoke to Thorvaldur Fridriksson, a scholar of sea monsters, who keeps an open mind about this possibility.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"Some of these monsters are dangerous,\" he said. \"People are reluctant to tell about them because others will laugh. But about 70 percent of Earth is sea and who knows what the sea hides?\"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"While skrimsli are unlikely to be a threat to your cruise travel in Iceland, you may wonder at night in particularly eerie waters.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A few tips for the Iceland bound traveller:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Elf School","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you're very interested in Icelandic folklore, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"http://www.theelfschool.com/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"the Elf School in Reykjavik","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" may be a vital stop for you while you're in the area. The school offers very brief courses on folklore, elves, fairies, trolls, dwarves and more that will get you up to speed on Icelandic folk belief in no time.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The school identifies 13 types of elves, and has a full curriculum of study devoted to them complete with textbooks. The school offers a tour of the habitats of the hidden folk as well, which ends as pleasantly as possible with coffee and pancakes - and you'll even get a diploma. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Bring a Book","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you find yourself intrigued by the idea of seeing sites of folkloric importance while you're in Iceland, you might consider picking up a copy of \"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.amazon.com/Travellers-Guide-Icelandic-Folk-Tales/dp/9979511907"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Traveller's Guide to Icelandic Folktales","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\" by Jón R. Hjálmarsson.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The book functions as a guided tour, inviting you to explore certain areas of the country associated with myths as old as the Eddas and as new as the 19th century. Whether you choose to use it in that way or simply to luxuriate in your cabin and read about the wonderful world of Icelandic folklore, the book may well be an essential item to pack on your next cruise to Iceland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland is a country of striking and sometimes supernatural beauty - which is matched by its rich and extensive folklore. Here's what you need to know about the Icelandic superstitions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"myths-and-legends-of-iceland","title":"Myths and Legends of Iceland","tags":[{"name":"Active Adventures","id":"1tdpevrJPqWGKF5VpC9mRn","slug":"active-adventures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"City Tours","id":"7LbLpEDSv4Wdv5GqUsbToV","slug":"city-tours","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Excursion","id":"LMqzQh5Us4hJm75GOSn0g","slug":"excursion","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Explorers Program","id":"3KVdkNAVZULdJggUIeip4k","slug":"explorers-program","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fire \u0026 Ice","id":"24moB3qgTFRHvjh7UtXBnw","slug":"fire--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fjords","id":"5Us4WaDaqVfnoLSXxKPgNi","slug":"fjords","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Glacier","id":"2bpqtDMpO8AEn66NSCpvQu","slug":"glacier","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Hidden Gems","id":"1DZR48GDxgXd9Mx2SYiIqF","slug":"hidden-gems","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Hiking*","id":"1cEdfbyNsP60r80lcoQc4C","slug":"hiking","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"History \u0026 Culture","id":"5q56Oys0etVPf8CmDQk7J5","slug":"history--culture","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icebergs","id":"1rKYyhgj6xh1c8aG6UooSA","slug":"icebergs","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Kayaking*","id":"6QYmxXcVra3n1BalglPANM","slug":"kayaking","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Land of Magic \u0026 Ice","id":"JraQI3atz23u3oFM1c3GV","slug":"land-of-magic--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reykjavík","id":"4vT1z0IuQpvyyzbihJtL8G","slug":"reykjavik","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Viking Heritage \u0026 Mythology","id":"7veqbdee7eWcFUyFxfnjzM","slug":"viking-heritage--mythology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3B2fCgAyqtw6FNiWKS1lSq/6dbe723c6101d24eaf00fadd5a25a716/Fjords_Glaciers_Volcanoes.jpg","imageAlt":"Fjords, Glaciers And Volcanoes"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As a place of sub-zero temperatures and harsh winds, it is an understatement to say that Antarctica does not make for a very pleasant habitat. That is, at least, for most animals. But the animals that do live here aren’t like most animals. Each one of them is an inspiring story of adaptability, resilience and cooperation. Let’s meet a few of them.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Icons of the continent","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Eight of the world’s 17 species of penguins can be found in Antarctica and in the sub-Antarctic area. They include Adélie, chinstrap, gentoo, king, macaroni, rockhopper, emperor and Magellanic penguins. Around twelve million penguins reside in the relatively mild conditions on the Antarctic Peninsula.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You will never forget going ashore to visit a penguin colony. Yes, they are very loud, and no one will ever describe their smell as enchanting, but you won’t care. Even if we are sure to keep our distance so as not to disturb them, witnessing these charming creatures shuffling around as they go about their business is something that will stay with you forever.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A coat fit for a penguin","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"All penguins living in Antarctica have feathers devoted entirely to insulation. Penguin feathers are short, densely packed and, cleverly, also overlap. The structure and arrangement of their feathers helps them trap air all around their bodies. A thick coat of fat just beneath the skin completes the armour the hot-blooded penguins need not only to survive but thrive in the coldest place on earth.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The giants below surface","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Antarctic Ocean is a feeding ground for several whale species: blue, fin, humpback, minke, orcas, southern right and sperm whales. You might see these magnificent giants surfacing near the ship and even breaching acrobatically and dramatically out of the water.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Deep breaths","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Whales are not fish; they belong to the mammal species known as cetaceans. And like any other mammal, whales need to breathe. This forces them up to the surface every 20 minutes or so. All of the whale species seen in Antarctica have had to migrate from afar, usually swimming thousands of miles. That’s a lot of breaths just to get here. Even with an abundance of food triggered by the Antarctic summer’s 24-hour sunlight, whales never forget to take a break from their around-the-clock feeding frenzy to surface and breathe.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Seal sanctuary","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With their bulbous body and head, short snout, and deep, expressive, soulful eyes, there are few animals that will capture your heart like the Weddell seal. A Weddell seal pup just multiplies that cuteness factor by ten.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Due to their thick layer of blubber and fur, Antarctic seals are extremely well-adapted to the freezing conditions. Six different species of seal live in Antarctic waters: Ross, Weddell, crabeater, leopard, fur and elephant seals. Four of these species are ice-habitat specialists, breeding on the sea ice in spring. Leopard and Ross seals tend to be solitary, whereas Weddell and crabeater seals form breeding groups or colonies.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Seals are carnivorous and, depending on species, eat fish, squid or krill. The leopard seal will also eat penguins and other seals. Seals can dive to more than 600 m in search of food and have specially adapted eyes for underwater vision in low light levels. While underwater, seals call to one another, and this can sometimes be heard above on the ice.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It’s all in the ears","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are two natural groups of seals: true seals and fur seals. True seals differ from fur seals, such as sea lions, in that they have no outer ears and can’t walk on all-fours. Fur seals are also smaller, with adult females weighing only 150 kg. True seals on the other hand, can be massive. A male elephant seal, for example, can weigh an impressive 4 tonnes!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Birdwatcher’s paradise","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Penguins aren’t the only birds in Antarctica. Of the countless reasons to go on an expedition cruise to Antarctica, experiencing the rich birdlife is definetly one of them. Apart from the penguins, the Pink-faced Sheatbill is the only bird native to Antarctica. But the region is a true birdwatcher’s paradise that draws millions of birds across 46 non-native species. Keep your eyes peeled for wandering albatrosses, shearwaters, giant petrels, storm petrels, blue-eyed shags, diving petrels, cormorants, sheathbills, skuas, gulls and terns.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antarctica is the only continent with no significant plant life and no native land mammals, reptiles, or amphibians. Even in the extreme environment of Antarctica, life not only survives but thrives. Its icy seas, isolated icebergs and snow-driven deserts are home to wildlife that surprise and charm all who visit them.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-antarctica","title":"Wildlife in Antarctica","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/5kDmadH89kHJuCVGu34bhB/c307540e653a0f1655a3ba11322840f0/Penguins-Galindez-Island-Antarctica-HGR-141585_1920-_Photo_Ingemund_Ska_lnes.jpg","imageAlt":"Penguins on Galindez Island, Antarctica. Photo: Ingemund Skålnes"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A floating forest","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you ask a sailor or a Caribbean beachgoer about sargassum seaweed, they’ll likely tell you how much of a nuisance these floating forests can be for ships and swimmers alike. However, a marine biologist might instead tell you how these golden seaweed mats float around in tropical parts of the Atlantic and provide food and shelter for hatchling sea turtles and over 100 species of fish. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Soaring above the sea","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On our transoceanic cruises, you’ll be treated to views of a sapphire sea and many of the creatures that live in it. But don’t forget to look up! The skies above the Atlantic contain a variety of seabird species. Many, like the Bridled Tern and the Brown Noddy, rely on the sea for food and only land briefly to breed. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"While sailing closer to the equator, look out for tropical seabirds. You might have an encounter with a booby, which was apparently named after the Spanish word ’","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"bobo","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"‘, meaning ’stupid‘, because of its lack of fear when landing on ships. This made it an easy meal for hungry sailors. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Off the coasts of South or Central America, look out for frigatebirds soaring above on thin wings, stalking other birds to snatch their prey. This strategy, known as ’kleptoparasitism‘, allows the frigatebird to expend less energy when foraging, although it requires much agility. Also called ’Man-o’-War‘ birds, frigatebirds will even harass other birds until they regurgitate food they’ve already eaten, which the frigatebirds will then take for themselves. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When sea and sky meet","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You may spot a peculiar fish ’flying‘ over the water. There are 40 species of flying fish, which seem to blur the line between bird and sea creature. They’re an invaluable food source for hungry seabirds out on the open sea, which can pick flying fish off the ocean’s surface as they try to escape from underwater predators. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The ’flight‘ of the flying fish begins underwater, where it picks up speed before breaking the surface, opening its wing-like pectoral fins, while keeping the lower fork of its tail in the water. It then uses the lower fork of its tail to propel itself forward before dropping into the water with a splash. The use of the tail allows it to glide much further than it could by momentum alone nature. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Ocean air-breathers","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Always be on the lookout for whales and dolphins! Despite living in the sea, they’re actually mammals, so you might spot one coming to the surface and blowing water and air through its blowhole. Seeing the spectacular twirls of a spinner dolphin or the smiling face of a bottlenose is sure to make your day. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the open, tropical ocean, you may spot sea turtles among large mats of sargassum seaweed, or catch a glimpse of one surfacing for air. These shelled reptiles can hold their breath for several hours at a time, feeding on eelgrass, crabs, fish, molluscs and other marine animals hundreds of feet below the surface. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Atlantic is the planet’s second-largest ocean, and it’s a biodiverse world that’s home to an array of wildlife. As you sail, keep an eye out for some of its most visible life forms.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-the-transoceanic","title":"Wildlife in the Transoceanic","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Flying fish","id":"20uZOFhWjvmvdh7cj9gXvY","slug":"flying-fish","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Dolphins","id":"jSQ9xxGcBzavAljh4O3OU","slug":"dolphins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/26qGJVGownPgqY9sIxvW65/8e35db7eb19cbb796ca7ec959b37222a/Chiriguano-Bay-Antarctica-HGR-151240_1920-_Photo_Espen_Mills.jpg","imageAlt":"Chiriguano Bay, Antarctica - Photo: Espen Mills"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"What created Iceland’s volcanoes?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Straddling the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Iceland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" is a hotbed of seismic activity. The eastern territories sit on the European tectonic plate, while the western side is on the North American plate. When these two enormous plates rub, segments of the earth's crust are thrust upward, creating Iceland's volcanic geography. The country experiences a large eruption about once every five years. Luckily, most of the country is uninhabited, and it rarely affects the local population. Plus, the activity that creates these potentially threatening but attractive geological features also provides the country with unlimited, clean geothermal energy and hot springs across the nation.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Amazing Iceland volcano facts","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland is home to around 130 volcanoes in 30 different volcanic systems. Thankfully, only 18 have erupted since 871 AD, when the country was first inhabited by humans. However, the active ones erupt regularly, often under glaciers — known as subglacial eruptions. They often create what’s known as a glacial flood, in which the hot magma and cold ice create an extraordinary lake of molten liquid.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Eyjafjallajökull Volcano","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Eyjafjallajökull, located in Suðurland, shot to fame in 2010 when a subglacial eruption caused plumes of smoke and ash to drift over Europe, canceling most regional air travel for several weeks. The eruption was larger than earlier ones, and keen onlookers were advised to stay away. This tremendous eruption formed two new mountains, named Magni and Móði after Thor's sons in Norse mythology.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Thrihnukagigur Volcano","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Thrihnukagigur, located halfway between Reykjavik and the Golden Circle, is popular with locals and visitors alike for one enchanting reason — it's the only volcano in the world that you can actually enter. Inside the little crater is a monstrous magma chamber that was once filled with boiling-hot lava. The chamber itself is roughly the size of a football pitch, and you can explore the maze of subterranean caves, which reach a depth of 650 feet.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Laki System","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This system of volcanoes in southern Iceland is considered the country’s deadliest. The subglacial volcanic system is incredibly powerful, bellowing out smoke, ash, and lava when it erupts with immense force. When the Lakagígar (literally \"craters of Laki\") erupted back in 1783, 10,000 people — a fifth of the population then — died from its effects, including extreme famine and poor air quality.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Hekla Volcano","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Known infamously as hell’s gateway, Hekla is just a short drive from the capital in southwestern Iceland. Its unpredictability and close proximity to Reykjavik mean that it could have a devastating effect on Iceland. While its eruptions tend to be large, the last eruption in 2010 was quite mild, and little damage was caused. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Despite their potential danger, the feeling toward Iceland’s volcanoes is one of admiration, mainly because of the stunning landscapes they create. This hugely active and diverse region reigns as of the world's top geological hot spots and makes a trip to the land of ice and fire a unique and captivating experience.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Known as the land of ice and fire, Iceland is filled with more than 130 volcanoes, many of which are still active. Some stand tall among the mountains, while others lurk under giant glaciers. 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Photo: Karsten Bidstrup"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Whales are the largest animals on Earth reaching up to 100 feet and weighing 200 tons. These gentle ocean giants are top of the food chain, so they play a hugely important role in the overall health of the marine environment. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When you embark on an expedition cruise, you’ll be exploring some of the most remote and pristine places on the planet where wildlife lives free. 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How did you wind up at HX Hurtigruten Expeditions? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"I was working for the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust at Port Lockroy and HX Hurtigruten Expeditions was really helpful assisting with our logistics. I was impressed by how they give back to the community and I also made some good friends on board ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/ships/fram/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"MS Fram","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"! When I finished with the Heritage Trust I was asked if I would like to come and lecture on ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/destinations/antarctica-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"board trips to Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". So I started as an Expedition Team member before coming Expedition Leader and moving into the office!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"2. What is your favorite part of your job? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sailing on the ships and seeing how our guests react, especially in our Science and Education Program, also sharing my passion for Antarctica with our guests. We are here for them and it is very important that everyone in the company remembers that – sharing time with guests is a real highlight for me.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"3. 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","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"7. Favorite book about travel? Or travel tale?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although not a travel book per se, ‘Worst Journey in the World’ by Apsley Cherry-Garrard is must read.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"8. What excites you about expedition travel? How do you see it changing? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Having a journey with a meaning into the unexpected, you cannot set a fixed itinerary, so it is a true expedition. Coming across the unexpected and dealing with the weather is all a challenge, but also part of the joy.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The mix of onboard luxury and the off-ship harshness really provide stark contrasts on the day to day life but gives us the experience of what it was like for the explorers of the past. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"We will become more environmentally focused in the future and look at making sure we leave a positive impact on the places we sail. Seeing really is believing so we need to make sure people do understand the relationships and the fragility among the places we sail.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"9. What excites you about our role in preserving Antarctica for future generations? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When we go to places like Antarctica, we all have a responsibility to leave it in a better place than when we visited, so we need to give back. To quote Sir David Attenborough ‘People will not protect what they have not experienced.’ This is really important and the ethos of what we do, so ensuring our guests get a deep understanding of the places we sail and can make their own adjustments in their lives inspires me.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With his nearly 30 years of polar exploration, Tudor Morgan is not only one of HX Hurtigruten Expeditions’ most experienced Antarctic leaders, but also the world’s. We’re grateful to have him with us and for his time talking with us, telling stories, and reflecting on the future of Antarctic travel.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"stay-curious-tudor-morgan","title":"Stay Curious—An Interview with Tudor Morgan","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Camping in Antarctica","id":"HoSqdPgTMh4tR7UeNrFUN","slug":"camping-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Changing Climate","id":"XyIdtcUdflinfFGlfzw7v","slug":"changing-climate","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Educational","id":"7F4afOIfk4ydt02dF9oNPq","slug":"educational","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Environmental commitment","id":"2NIYCatmhsfbBP3GGDIgVR","slug":"environmental-commitment","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Explorers Program","id":"3KVdkNAVZULdJggUIeip4k","slug":"explorers-program","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Incredible Icescapes","id":"4jAWao4jFK6ZB4fTdPi3M5","slug":"incredible-icescapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Lectures and talks ","id":"6hOTUAZFSiBop48xDxZXDn","slug":"lectures-and-talks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Photography","id":"dl0bTxedlYkEnescTnCZv","slug":"photography","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Remote Beauty","id":"5K03RcA20fSxHOEJ2lRWoI","slug":"remote-beauty","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Science Center","id":"6NiDuKXKaxUL1Y4N2VrrLR","slug":"science-center","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Shore Excursions","id":"1INDwPqHhF2ln2RCkcjg0b","slug":"shore-excursions","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Snowshoeing in Antarctica","id":"396Zm92qgRx0p4hGnVwn9G","slug":"snowshoeing-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Scenery","id":"6YYvfq0T2LMZJIc3hLAIJA","slug":"spectacular-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/5z76Rlkl5DK9VoOFd5Ufj0/a02240672707cea525a172ff93a872ef/2500_Tudor_Morgan_HGR_144469_Photo_Werner_Kruse.jpg","imageAlt":"US-Stay-Curious-Tudor-Morgan-IMG"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"1. How long have you been with the company and where are you based? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"I’m based out of Norway and have been full time since 2001. But I started in 1998. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"2. What drew you to HX Hurtigruten Expeditions? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Here in Norway, HX Hurtigruten Expeditions is an institution. Everybody knows about it. During my years when I was studying law in Bergen, I would sit in the library and look out the window. I saw the ships coming in and out every day. It was this sort of mythical mystical aura. \n\nHX Hurtigruten Expeditions has a special status in Norway. So, I looked at them and had sea salt in my veins. I thought, “why don’t I try?” So I did.  \n\nI started in the restaurant and cleaning the cabins, and it kind of grew on me. I was given more responsibility very quickly. The people before me, the ones who are now retired, saw something in me and gave me a chance. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"3. What is your favorite part of your job? Least?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"I think I have the best job in the company! I started when we were very young in expedition and I appreciate the freedom I had and still have to develop our program. I’ve been able to experiment, try new things, start a kayak program, start a snowshoe program, change landing sequences, the hiking program, the science program – it started with 2 small microscopes! \n\nI’m responsible for everything I do and the decisions I make, but I think my least favorite part is when it takes too long to move from concept to action. And I don’t like hearing “no, we cannot do it.” At least not without trying.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"4. What do you love about the company?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There’s a reason why I’ve stuck with it. We’re genuine. We’re real. What I like more and more is that there is a huge focus on inclusion, being kind to each other, getting the best out of each other. That matters. There is a genuine way of interacting. \n\nThere’s room for possibilities to be yourself. I think that’s something that’s one of the key things I love and always have.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"5. What would you say to first time cruisers or folks who are new to HX Hurtigruten Expeditions? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“Forget what you know about the traditional cruising concept.” ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This is a different world. It’s adventure on a keel. You wouldn’t get more excitement going into the same areas even if you hired your own sailboat. There’s such a sense of adventure and every trip is custom made. We are in the arms of Mother Nature way more than other voyages. On our trips, you can be as much or as little a part of a group as you want. You connect on your own level.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"6. What is your favorite destination?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Northeast Greenland National Park.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"7. Most memorable or meaningful wildlife encounter?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"So many to choose from. I once saw an orca in Antarctica training the calves to hunt seals off an ice floe. So many nice polar bear sightings. I think my favorite, though, is crossing the Drake Passage to see the Wandering Albatross. In my next life I want to be a Wandering Albatross.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"8. Favorite book about travel? Or travel tale?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"I really enjoy reading the diaries of the crew on Amundsen South Pole Expedition. So many interesting perspectives coming from the crew rather than Amundsen himself.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"9. What excites you about expedition travel? How do you see it changing? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"I love our position in the industry – we have become a platform for good. We’re not just showing guests the superficial side, but we dig deeper with our education and science program. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There’s a sense from some who want to see the world before it’s gone. We’ll be there. We’ll see the changes. We’re right in the middle of that and we can show people these places as responsibly as we can.\n\nMore areas will be accessible for us in the Arctic. I think expedition cruising itself will have stricter regulations, but I think we’re ready to embrace change.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Godmother to the world’s first hybrid powered cruise ship, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/ships/roald-amundsen/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"MS Roald Amundsen","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", and one of the world’s most experienced explorers and pioneers in expedition travel, Karin Strand has played a significant role in making HX Hurtigruten Expeditions what it is today. We’re grateful she sat with us for a few minutes to share some thoughts and reflections. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"stay-curious-karin-strand","title":"Stay Curious—An Interview with Karin Strand","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Educational","id":"7F4afOIfk4ydt02dF9oNPq","slug":"educational","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Lectures and talks ","id":"6hOTUAZFSiBop48xDxZXDn","slug":"lectures-and-talks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Remote Beauty","id":"5K03RcA20fSxHOEJ2lRWoI","slug":"remote-beauty","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Science Center","id":"6NiDuKXKaxUL1Y4N2VrrLR","slug":"science-center","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Shore Excursions","id":"1INDwPqHhF2ln2RCkcjg0b","slug":"shore-excursions","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Scenery","id":"6YYvfq0T2LMZJIc3hLAIJA","slug":"spectacular-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland","id":"2yo1LbyTqmriY1qv3mQoYA","slug":"greenland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Polar bears","id":"Ehb1ZZwrnt7YITXH7R7VZ","slug":"polar-bears","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Svalbard","id":"2gbYl70TVCL5cgZrRmq4dP","slug":"svalbard","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3uKTiJU0k0TI5bpQ9nHd63/72941d23b8b40ec15dcdfa2f873e0aa8/2500_webHero_Karin_Strand.jpg","imageAlt":"US-Stay-Curious-Karin-Strand-Hero"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Svalbard population and settlement","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The population of Svalbard is approximately 2500. Longyearbyen is the largest settlement in the islands and is also the seat of the governor. It's a colourful modern town with first-class facilities, like excellent hotels and restaurants, regular flight connections to mainland Norway, as well as an impressive range of activities to suit every traveller.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How to get to Svalbard?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Svalbard is situated between Norway and the North pole, but the archipelago is quite easy to travel to. With HX Hurtigruten Expeditions you can choose among a variety of expedition ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/svalbard-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"cruise to Svalbard","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". Typically, you would make your way to Longyearbyen before embarking on a 6-10 day voyage. If you only want to experience Svalbard mainland, you can choose between multiple land based adventures on ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://hurtigrutensvalbard.com/en"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Hurtigruten Svalbard","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". On our cruises, the expedition-style landings will take you close to the Arctic wildlife, the ghost towns of the early whaling stations and remote mining towns, research communities, spectacular fjords and icebergs.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Things to do in Svalbard","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Located on the southern fringe of the frozen Arctic Ocean, we offers expedition landings, hikes, kayaking and other ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://hurtigrutensvalbard.com/en/activities"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"excursions on Svalbard","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" – there are lots of things to do in Svalbard. Part of the Svalbard experience is visiting the different and fascinating settlements like Longyearbyen, Barentsburg, or Ny-Ålesund – all with a different scent and atmosphere. However, they share a certain pioneer feeling, a “Klondike-like” atmosphere – displaying self-confidence in their isolation from the mainland. This Archipelago holds fascinating histories of the polar heroes of the north, and cultural heritage from the coal mining era as well as the history of exploration, hunting and whaling.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Svalbard wildlife","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Svalbard wildlife is unique and fascinating. In the Artic wilderness you’ll find the majestic polar bear, witch outnumber humans on Svalbard. Did you know that polar bears are good swimmers and can swim for several miles and days in row? Read more and get to know the polar bear better. You can also find arctic foxes, reindeers, seals and whales. During summertime large numbers of sea birds flock to the archipelago. Svalbard has long been a tourist destination, ever since the coal industry began. You will find old mining villages, abandoned whaling stations and hunting lodges dating back several centuries. A cruise to Svalbard will give you best of both worlds, exotic wildlife and majestic nature, but also history and culture.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather climate and best time to visit Svalbard","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Located halfway between mainland Norway and the North Pole, one might expect it to be unbearably cold. However, thanks to the Gulf Stream, Spitsbergen and the other islands in the Svalbard archipelago boast a surprisingly mild climate with distinctive seasons. The arctic summer, blessed with long days and buzz of wildlife and human activity, is favoured by travellers seeking the classic arctic experience. But delve deeper and you'll find each season has its own distinct character, from winter's crisp northern lights to spring's welcoming of new beginnings.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How to get to Svalbard and what to do there.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"svalbard-inspiration","title":"Svalbard: Inspiration","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Polar bears","id":"Ehb1ZZwrnt7YITXH7R7VZ","slug":"polar-bears","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Svalbard","id":"2gbYl70TVCL5cgZrRmq4dP","slug":"svalbard","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Northern Lights ","id":"18fcVgb4CILKe3613DWTLK","slug":"northern-lights-","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Midnight Sun","id":"yf6BhLLGEH2yK60DqiU54","slug":"midnight-sun","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Active Adventures","id":"1tdpevrJPqWGKF5VpC9mRn","slug":"active-adventures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Authentic Arctic Expedition","id":"2XGMTi1iRxnN1aVgLiRD9U","slug":"authentic-arctic-expedition","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Changing Climate","id":"XyIdtcUdflinfFGlfzw7v","slug":"changing-climate","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Environmental commitment","id":"2NIYCatmhsfbBP3GGDIgVR","slug":"environmental-commitment","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/1nDUKX8WyM2WfcZTq8DDnk/c617cbd4fd64296ce39558456826cea3/Wildlife_Svalbard_HGR_157026_Photo_Shutterstock.JPG","imageAlt":"Polar Bear image captured using a telephoto lens from onboard ship."},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Hurtigruten HX Expeditions is a participant in the Norwegian Polar Institute’s project to register marine mammals in the Arctic. Gathering this data improves insight of habitat use and seasonal migration patterns and is also used in The Environmental Monitoring of Svalbard.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Thank you for helping us conduct respectful, environmentally-friendly and safe tourism in the Arctic. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Here are 10 things you need to know before your Svalbard adventure:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"1. AECO","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"HX Hurtigruten Expeditions is a full member of the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"http://www.aeco.no/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" which is an international organization ensuring that tourism in the Arctic is carried out with the utmost consideration for the vulnerable natural environment, local cultures and cultural remains, as well as the challenging environment at sea and on land. This organisation provides Hurtigruten Svalbard as an operator and you as a visitor with guidelines we are committed to follow.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"2. LEAVE NO LASTING SIGNS OF YOUR VISIT","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Leave no lasting signs of your visit means that you of course must not leave any litter behind, including small items such as cigarette butts. Do not engrave on rocks or buildings and do not build cairns, rearrange stones or in any other way leave visible signs of your visit. In addition we also ask you to watch where you set foot in order to protect the flora and vegetation and avoid path-making. Avoid stepping on flowers or plant beds if at all possible.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"3. DO NOT PICK FLOWERS","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In some parts of the Arctic flora is protected by law, in others not. But AECO regards all flora as protected and asks you to not pick flowers or other plants.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"4. DO NOT TAKE ANYTHING WITH YOU","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"We encourage you to leave the Arctic as it is. Cultural remains are protected. In addition we ask you to leave stones, bones, antlers, driftwood and other items where they are.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"5. DO NOT DISTURB ANIMALS AND BIRDS","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"AECO regards all fauna in the Arctic as protected and will avoid disturbing animals and birds as far as possible. If close to animals and nesting birds, avoid making loud noises and keep conversation low and calm. AECO controls maximum group sizes when making landings and excursions and also minimum distances to various wildlife. You will be instructed by your leader. Please help us preserve the wildlife by following the instructions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"6. LEAVE CULTURAL REMAINS ALONE","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Cultural remains are protected by law and a zone of 100 metres around the remains is also considered a protected zone. Watch where you are walking and standing. Walk around and not in between objects. Do not take anything with you and do not attempt to touch or rearrange objects.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"7. TAKE THE POLAR BEAR DANGER SERIOUSLY","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Polar bears are potentially dangerous animals, but also vulnerable. It is of the utmost importance that you follow your guide’s instructions. For important rules for behaviour in polar bear areas please click the link below.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"8. RESPECT LOCAL CULTURE AND LOCAL PEOPLE","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When visiting local communities, please remember that you are a guest. Respect people and local cultures. AECO will make every effort to make sure that our visits to local communities have positive and not negative impact. For more information, please click the link below.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"9. BE SAFE","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Travel in Arctic areas may involve various risks. Rule number one is that you must always pay attention to and follow the instructions given by your expedition leader or guide. Never stray from your group.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"10. STAY UP TO DATE","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Read more about the AECO guidelines before your voyage: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.aeco.no/guidelines/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://www.aeco.no/guidelines/","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/svalbard-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"voyage to Svalbard","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" offers experiences close to nature’s most spectacular landscapes, genuine cultures, exceptional people and amazing wildlife. Preserving these resources in their natural, unspoiled condition is our priority - you will always experience the highest environmental awareness on board and ashore.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"ten-things-to-know-about-your-environmental-commitment-in-svalbard","title":"10 things to know about your environmental commitment in Svalbard","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Environmental commitment","id":"2NIYCatmhsfbBP3GGDIgVR","slug":"environmental-commitment","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Svalbard","id":"2gbYl70TVCL5cgZrRmq4dP","slug":"svalbard","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Citizen Science","id":"75x5ok1Y6kUuK5M7kySkxS","slug":"citizen-science","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Science \u0026 Geology","id":"46KgcPo642LKZMpUIi7RlL","slug":"science--geology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/39aVmg8URQrBqRi30k9ZMH/58ca27959ae1cedea67b02099525c3cb/Arctic_Flowers_Photo_Arnau_Ferrer.jpg","imageAlt":"Arctic Flowers, Svalbard"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How do we do it?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Relaxation and informality, local culture, and active adventures in body and mind are at the heart of your expedition experience in these regions. The destination makes the voyage, not the other way around.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Local always comes first","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"We want you to explore authentically and truly discover the landscapes, cultures, tastes and stories that these warm destinations are so rich in.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As you visit a range of ports, cities, and villages, you’ll be able to immerse yourself in their diverse cultures. Try regional food and delicacies, visit a community school, meet real local people, and learn about their way of life. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Giving back to the communities","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Rather than run all our off-ship activities ourselves, we choose to partner with local tour operators. Not only does this mean you benefit from knowledgeable guides, but you also give back to the communities we call on by supporting their local economy.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Whatever excursion you choose to book, whether it’s a tour of a cacao plantation in Mexico or bamboo rafting in Jamaica, HX Hurtigruten Expeditions tries to support local businesses whenever possible. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Bringing the destination on board","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You can also experience the charms of our destinations on board. Where possible, local musicians and artisans perform or run workshops on the ship. This could be a talented dance troupe in Colombia’s Isla de Providencia or traditional Panamanian hat weavers in the port of Manta.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For your eating pleasure, our onboard chefs also craft dishes inspired by the gastronomy of the region using unique herbs and spices, or adopting traditional cooking techniques. Ingredients like vegetables and tropical fruit will be sourced locally, further adding to the positive ripple effect to the economy there.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Life on board an expedition cruise","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Expedition cruising is about exploration and adventure, and resetting your sense of wonder at the world. Let your beautiful surroundings work their magic until you truly feel relaxed.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Unwind and relax","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you need a bit of help to unwind, a certified yoga instructor will be on board during our cruises in these warm waters. Yoga and meditation sessions will complement your outer journey with an inner one, helping you de-stress and energize your body and soul. Then, round out your day of exploring with a soak in the hot tub out on deck or a steam in the sauna with panoramic views.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"HX Hurtigruten Expeditions cruises are famously informal. There’s no black tie, no butler, and the relaxed vibe extends to all areas of the ship. Feel like making the most of the warm weather and wearing your shorts and t-shirt to dinner? Go right ahead. If dinner happens to be a barbecue out on deck, you’ll already be dressed for the occasion.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Active mind, active body","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Expedition Team will be on hand throughout your journey to coordinate and guide your activities. They are your handpicked hosts made up of modern-day explorers, plus one or two specialist speakers in subjects such as history, geology, astronomy, botany, ornithology, or art, depending on the specific destination and voyage.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For instance, the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/destinations/south-america-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"itineraries in South America","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" may be accompanied by a guest archaeologist who will provide insights into the region’s ancient civilizations.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Caribbean \u0026 Central America","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Blissful beaches, palm trees and turquoise waves are a reality here. So too is the melting pot of cultures that have mixed together and call these islands home. Come aboard and cruise the picturesque coastline and idyllic islands of diverse and dynamic countries.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highlights of the Caribbean \u0026 Central America","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Swim or snorkel at Turneffe Atoll in Belize","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Visit the native tribe of Nägbe at Escudo de Veraguas Island outside Panama","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Enjoy a guided interpretive walking tour of Bocas town in Panama, which tells the rich history from pre-Columbian times to the present","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Visit La Chunga Embera Village in the amazing Darien rainforest via boat","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Experience the serene beauty of Playa Mecana in Bahia Solano, Choco, where the golden sands meet the tranquil Pacific","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Visit Altun Ha, the archaeological site right outside Belize City, the Maya culture ceremonial center and the discovery site of Belize’s famous Jade Head.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Discover the hidden beaches of Panama’s San Blas Islands","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"See the protected bays of Cayos Cochinos in Honduras","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"South America","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Join a voyage to a range of vibrant cities, UNESCO colonial sites, and desert ruins along the Pacific coasts of Panama, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. The stunning landscapes of western South America invite you to explore, and you’ll have several ways of seeing the continent.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highlights of South America ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Marvel at exotic wildlife species found in the isolated Galápagos Islands","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"View the mysterious Nazca geoglyphs in the valley at Pisco","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Tour the pre-Incan Sun Temple near Trujillo, the largest pyramid in Peru","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Pass through the Panama Canal connecting the Atlantic to the Pacific","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Expand your horizons and be part of unique expedition cruises in the seas of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"expedition-cruises-in-warm-waters","title":"Expedition Cruises in Warm Waters","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Active 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disguised as \"common sense,\" and others have clear roots in misrepresentation from the media. If you're considering a ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/antarctica-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"trip to Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", however, you need to separate fact from fiction. Here's the truth about five antarctic myths:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Myth No. 1: Antarctica is a tundra","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Many people think that \"tundra\" is a catch-all term for any area that with temperatures below freezing all year round. It's not - \"tundra\" refers specifically to any flat, large area of land with no trees and permanently frozen ground in the Northern Hemisphere. Obviously, this definition excludes Antarctica right away, since it doesn't get much more \"south\" than the south pole.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antarctica is actually a desert, and it's the largest desert in the world. Although people tend to picture deserts as hot, sandy areas, dryness is actually the defining characteristic of this kind of biome. Over the course of a year, the continent sees an average of less than 2 inches of precipitation, which actually makes it dryer than the Sahara.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Myth No. 2: Polar bears eat penguins","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You can thank a certain soda company for this misconception, but polar bears and penguins never even see each other in the wild - they live on opposite sides of the planet. Polar bears only live in the Northern Hemisphere, and penguins only live in the Southern Hemisphere.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"That's not to say penguins don't have any adorable predators, however - seals, sea lions and whales are all perfectly happy to eat a penguin if given the chance.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Myth No. 3: Antarctica is enormous","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you look at a map of the world, the odds are good Antarctica looks incredibly huge. This is an illusion caused by a quirk of map-making, where cartographers have attempted to display a round object on a flat surface. There are a couple of different ways to do this, but the most commonly used method is called the Mercator projection. This distorts the size of many continents, but perhaps none so dramatically as Antarctica, which seems to be significantly larger than any other continent on this kind of map.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This isn't an issue unique to the Mercator projection. Unless the map is of Antarctica specifically, any map that flattens out the circular nature of Antarctica is going to make it seem pretty big. In reality, Antarctica is the third-smallest continent, after Australia and Europe.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Myth No. 4: Penguins are the only antarctic birds","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Because penguins are so cute and popular, many people think these flightless birds are the only feathered creatures that live near the south pole. In fact, a number of gulls and petrals can be found in Antarctica. Apart from penguins, however, the most iconic antarctic bird is the albatross.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Featured in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43997/the-rime-of-the-ancient-mariner-text-of-1834"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\" the albatross has plenty of myths and legends of its own. According to superstition, the presence of the bird itself is good luck - killing one, on the other hand, is incredibly bad luck. This is a short summary of \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" in which the narrator kills an albatross, an action that dooms the entire ship. In reality, of course, albatross are neither lucky nor unlucky - they're simply big antarctic birds.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"'God save thee, ancient Mariner! ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\n","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"From the fiends, that plague thee thus!— ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\n","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Why look'st thou so?'—With my cross-bow ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\n","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"I shot the ALBATROSS. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43997/the-rime-of-the-ancient-mariner-text-of-1834"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Read the poem in its entirety here.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Myth No. 5: No one lives in Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This is almost half of a myth, since it could be true or false depending on what is meant by \"lives.\" On one hand, there has never been any kind of native population in Antarctica, and there are no proper cities or towns on the continent. It's true that no one lives there permanently.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"However, people do live in Antarctica for temporary stretches of time. Many scientists and researchers who are studying climate change, astronomy or geography spend months to over a year at a time on the southernmost continent. These long-term stays give them the chance to collect plenty of data.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"And, of course, antarctic tourists do live on the continent for very brief periods of time. On a HX Hurtigruten Expeditions cruise, for example, you can expect to spend anywhere from a few days to up to a week there.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Antarctica: Fact vs Fiction - 5 myths about the frozen continent","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antarctica's remote nature and sheer isolation means that there are a lot of misconceptions about life near the south pole.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"antarctica-fact-vs-fiction","title":"Antarctica: Fact vs Fiction","tags":[{"name":"Explorers Program","id":"3KVdkNAVZULdJggUIeip4k","slug":"explorers-program","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Camping in Antarctica","id":"HoSqdPgTMh4tR7UeNrFUN","slug":"camping-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Snowshoeing in Antarctica","id":"396Zm92qgRx0p4hGnVwn9G","slug":"snowshoeing-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Scenery","id":"6YYvfq0T2LMZJIc3hLAIJA","slug":"spectacular-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/4mCMldkKwCAmwCqVuFtcth/fc8f8b256f77969069837f9d5ebc95bf/Danco-Island-Antarktis-HGR-147534_1920-_Foto_Karsten_Bidstrup__1_.jpg","imageAlt":"MS Roald Amundsen in Danco Island, Antarctica. Credit: Karstn Bidstrup"},{"body":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"How to get to the Isles of Scilly?","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The best way to get to the Isles of Scilly is by taking a ferry. Scilly is located a short way away from Cornwall, but you can also take a scenic HX Hurtigruten Expeditions cruise from Dover!","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Things to do in the Isles of Scilly ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Isles of Scilly are much more than just a pretty face. There is plenty to do for the active holiday-goer - you just need to know where you’re going!","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Visit a sandy beach","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"You simply can’t visit the Isles of Scilly without visiting some of its beaches. Isles of Scilly Beaches are some of the best you will encounter in the country, and there’s no better way to relax and catch a tan. You may only be in the UK, but the beaches here - especially Pentle Bay - will make you feel like you’re in the Caribbean. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Meet some wildlife","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The range of wildlife in the Isles of Scilly make it a must-see for animal lovers. Stay watchful and you can catch all manner of wildlife, from dolphins to whales and seals. If you are into bird watching, it’s time to whip out your trusty binoculars - up to 400 different kinds of species have been seen on the island!","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Smell the roses","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The beauty of Scilly is not restricted to its stunning beaches and wildlife. There is a range of gorgeous plantlife to discover, particularly its rich daffodil fields. If you need any more proof, take a visit to Tresco Abbey Gardens - a world-famous tropical garden that is home to more than 20,000 different plants. Surrounded by palm trees and exotic plant life, this is what paradise must look like.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Get active","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sure, you might go to the Scilly Isles for its relaxed pace of life. But if you ever crave something a bit more strenuous, this is the perfect place to get out and about. These landscapes are made for walking, and you can also take part in exciting outdoor activities like water sports and windsurfing!","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Soak up some British history","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"If you are looking for something a bit different, why not learn a thing or two on your trip to the Isles of Scilly? Tresco is home to several historical sites, with loads of impressive castles to spot around the island. Don’t miss out on seeing Cromwell’s Castle, a fortification that has been around since 1651.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The unspoiled landscape at the Isles of Scilly is something that everybody should see. A HX Hurtigruten Expeditions cruise will give you a chance to discover everything that this wonderful island has to offer, with enough fun activities to ensure you never get bored. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you are considering a sunny vacation on British shores, you’d be Scilly not to visit the Isles of Scilly. These eye-catching Isles are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and it’s easy to see why. With its white sandy beaches and tropical setting, a day trip to the Isles of Scilly is truly unforgettable. Learn more about what’s in store using our guide below.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"things-to-do-in-the-isles-of-scilly","title":"Why you need to visit the Isles of Scilly","tags":[{"name":"White-sand Beaches","id":"7KDvNU8Oz5SHi1XTKU4d9i","slug":"white-sand-beaches","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"British Isles","id":"5tLNn7OrPwDnUdPz6RLae9","slug":"british-isles","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife watching","id":"2JkXRIKHI1QFsZ0jVBxKtZ","slug":"wildlife-watching","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/2LwDztRxb4gtGUusCIUL9Q/f00cf2108088030183dfd26b8b580def/Isles-of-Scilly-England-HGR-156394_1920-_Photo_Tommy_Simonsen.jpg","imageAlt":"Things to do in the Isles of Scilly"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"The king of arctic navigation\" is not too shabby a legacy for Otto Sverdrup after his very eventful life of exploring polar waters. He was a steady and reliable captain through those long winter months.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Otto Sverdrup is known is as the third great Norwegian hero of polar exploring, along with Fridtjof Nansen and Roald Amundsen. Together with Fridtjof Nansen, he skied across Greenland in 1888, and on the ship Fram the two explorers showed that a vessel could drift across the Arctic Ocean with the ocean current.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When Otto Sverdrup went on his third adventure in 1898, he led the ship Fram and a crew of 15 people towards undiscovered areas in Greenland. This became one of the most fruitful expeditions in history.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Adventures","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"After the success of the first Fram expedition with Fridtjof Nansen, investors started opening their wallets. Norway was approaching a dissolution of its union with Sweden, and national heroes like Nansen and Sverdrup were valuable to Norway at this time. 220,000 NOK were donated by brewer brothers Amund and Ellef Ringnes and Axel Heiberg. The state chipped in 20,000 NOK for repairs and necessary upgrades. When the Fram leaves the harbour on 24 June 1898, there are 15 men on board: Five scientists, including geologist Per Schei, cartographer Gunnar Isachsen, zoologist Edvard Bay, and botanist Herman G. Simmons, as well as a crew of 10. In addition to exploring northern Greenland and the islands north of Canada, the expeditions seek to investigate the depth of the ocean, and the flora and fauna of the area.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The boat","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"But before we go on this journey, we need to talk boats. The Fram is not just any vessel. She is Nansen’s tailor-made expedition ship – steady on the ice and perfect in extreme conditions. The problem with other expedition ships was their construction. They would twist down into the ice and be destroyed. The Fram, however, was made to almost resemble a coconut. Its shape made it twist up out of the ice, so it could drift along with the ice. In today’s money, the Fram would have cost over 18 million NOK.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Before the new expedition, she was taken to Larvik to be altered. A new deck and a saloon were added, as well as extra cabins, to make it more comfortable onboard. Ironically, there was one thing the Fram was not made for: long voyages on open sea. Her tub-like shape apparently made her crew very seasick. All in the name of science!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Polar bear steak","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Before the first winter they will spend on their expedition, the Fram sails via Egedesminde, Godhavn and Upernivik in the south of Greenland. They bring on board 75 Greenland Huskies, supplies, coal, water and food. Sverdrup preferred the strong, friendly Greenland Husky for his expeditions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The crew goes hunting in preparation for the cold months, and muskoxen and polar bears start appearing on their plates. The dogs enjoy walrus and seal. Kane Basin becomes base camp during this first winter. Ahead of them is Ellesmere Land, an unexplored island about two thirds the size of Norway.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A race","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One might think that the crew of the Fram was alone in this remote polar landscape. Not so. At the turn of the century, polar fever is spreading, and one day, Otto Sverdrup happens to meet American polar explorer Robert Peary on the ice. Peary was on his way to the North Pole at the time.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Otto Sverdrup gets an itch. Should he try it too? The idea of being the first to reach the North Pole is very tempting. The Fram is the perfect base, and he has enough provisions and dog sleds. The idea did not come to fruition. Maybe Sverdrup let it go out of respect for Peary, or maybe he couldn’t take the competition? Peary hurried along, ending up being the first person on the North Pole - but he paid the price of seven frostbitten toes.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Explorer","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Otto Sverdrup and his crew make other great discoveries. They spend the summers mapping out ice and islands, hunting and gathering scientific data, plants and fossils. On one of their mapping expeditions, three parties set out to find undiscovered land areas. Combined, they have 54 dogs with them.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Otto Sverdrup and Ivar Fosheim discover an island which they name Axel Heiberg, while Isachsen and Hassel come across two islands which they name King Christian Island, after the Danish king, and Ellef Ringnes Island, after the investor. The latter is an island of over 4000 square miles, where Isachsen and Hassel manage to map out the entire coast line – an incredible achievement.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Life on the ice of Greenland brings out the inventors in the crew. A new type of Primus stove is born: A patent which simultaneously melts the snow and cooks food or boils water. They also create a new type of tent, with a double canvas preventing frost from dripping into the tent.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Threat","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Most expeditions at this time prepared for three winters in the ice. This was partly because the gathering of scientific data was quite a time-consuming activity, but also because they could only sail for a short period during the summers. The adventurers knew the threat of the long, cold, dark winters. Sometimes there were unfortunate tragedies. During the course of three months, two of the Fram crew died: doctor Johan Svendsen shot himself in the tent during a sled expedition on the mainland. He explains his dark thoughts to the crew in a letter, and reveals that he has been abusing morphine and cocaine. Shortly after that, handyman Ove Braskerud dies of pneumonia. There is a veil of grief over the expedition. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Record-breaking cold","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"During the third winter, the Fram is frozen stuck at the Goose Fjord, on the southwest of Ellesmere Land. After a lot of hardships, losing friends and a near-distaster involving fire and dynamite, the atmosphere on the ship starts to improve. They celebrate Christmas on a boat full of fresh food, singing and drinking. No scurvy in sight. This winter will be the coldest yet, approaching a terrible -60 degrees Fahrenheit.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Under the surface, a threat is simmering. The record-breaking cold makes the ice even thicker, and when spring comes, Sverdrup realizes that they will not be able to make it home by the time they planned. Even explosives will not get them out before a new winter creeps up. The Fram stays in the Arctic Sea for a fourth winter. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A new era","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When Otto Sverdrup and his expedition make it home in the spring of 1902, they bring a great load of potential research results. Over 50,000 important samples made it home, including 2000 glasses with invertebrates, rocks, fossils and lots of plankton, and data on ice, geomagnetism and polar temperatures.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Norwegian, Russian, Swedish, German and British researchers are ready to process the findings. The homecoming of the Fram marks the beginning of a new era of more cooperation in research between countries and scientific fields. Three years later, the dissolution of the union also becomes a fact. During the following years, until 1926, no less than 39 scientific dissertations are written on Fram’s findings. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Memories of adventure","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One may wonder what Otto Sverdrup would have said today if he knew that HX Hurtigruten Expeditions planned to sail in the same waters as the Fram II expedition? Perhaps he would tell stories of the race towards the North Pole and the passion for discovery. Of the age of pioneering, the coastal landscape, the beautiful spring days in Greenland and, not to mention, the comraderie on board the Fram.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Maybe he would send us off wishing us a happy expedition. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Text by Ingvild Telle","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"The Fram II expedition: A sensational adventure in northern Greenland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Legendary explorer Otto Sverdrup and his crew made the Fram II expedition one of the most fruitful expeditions in history.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"a-sensational-adventure-in-northern-greenland","title":"A sensational adventure in northern Greenland","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland","id":"2yo1LbyTqmriY1qv3mQoYA","slug":"greenland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland gyrfalcon","id":"56RPTQd2EP6zYHv6WtHXPY","slug":"greenland-gyrfalcon","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland Sea","id":"2HHzem9nMIPNpk3PF5w6uy","slug":"greenland-sea","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Adventure","id":"2YeSEGQI2F4MNtE7IzIWt3","slug":"adventure","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Aurora Borealis","id":"5UNSShvHawc7gMwCymppbN","slug":"aurora-borealis","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Authentic Arctic Expedition","id":"2XGMTi1iRxnN1aVgLiRD9U","slug":"authentic-arctic-expedition","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fram Strait","id":"sFmlmaab55g5cuPKs2ZUh","slug":"fram-strait","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Polar bears","id":"Ehb1ZZwrnt7YITXH7R7VZ","slug":"polar-bears","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Northern Lights ","id":"18fcVgb4CILKe3613DWTLK","slug":"northern-lights-","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/6zUleaNfKdRDMLPdLIwbdY/948514f1c7002acf0fbee9e26e8201f6/Legendary_Explorer_Otto_Sverdrup.jpg","imageAlt":"Legendary Explorer Otto Sverdrup"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Fram Strait lies between eastern ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/greenland-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Greenland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" and the island of ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/svalbard-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Spitsbergen","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" in the Svalbard Archipelago. The Greenland and Norwegian Seas lie to the south of the strait, with the Arctic Ocean to the north. It’s the only deep strait connecting the Arctic Ocean to other oceans, 300km wide and around 2,500m at its deepest point, but significantly shallower at its edges where it sits on the continental shelf. It’s also the northernmost ocean area that enjoys ice-free conditions, making it an important channel for sea traffic in the Arctic region.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In fact, the Fram Strait was named after the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen’s expedition ship ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Fram, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"which means ‘forward’","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":". ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On his famed North Pole expedition (1893-96), Nansen froze the Fram into the Siberian part of the Arctic sea ice, based on the hypothesis that it would drift in the pack ice across the Arctic Ocean to the North Pole by harnessing the natural east–west current. In the event, this never materialised and the Fram drifted in sea ice for two years before finally exiting through the channel of open water by north Spitsbergen, which we now know as the Fram Strait.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Interestingly, the name ‘Fram Strait’ was coined by Russian oceanographers as late as the 1970s, and while it can be found on navigation charts and maps, it is not actually an officially recognised name.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"To the west of the Fram Strait, the often ice-clogged waters flow south from the Arctic Ocean, keeping east Greenland much colder and icier than similar latitudes in west Greenland. To the east of the Fram Strait, warmer Atlantic currents flow northwards, making the west coast of Spitsbergen relatively mild and ice-free, given the high latitudes.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Our ice-strengthened ships are capable of navigating the Fram Strait along the east coast of Greenland and Spitsbergen as late as August, when typically only icebreakers can pass. Our expedition ships take you deep into the High Arctic, well above the 80th parallel and as close as 600 nautical miles from the Geographical North Pole. In the barren and spectacular scenery of the Arctic tundra, you can experience expedition landings and activities in the largest arctic wilderness in Europe.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"About our ship, MS Fram","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"HX Hurtigruten Expedition’s ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/ships/fram/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"MS Fram","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", inspired by and named after the original, is a purpose-built polar expedition vessel, using the most advanced technology, such as a higher ice-class, chart drawing tools, ship depth sounding database, extractable forward sounding sonar, iceberg search lights, autonomous tracking system, oversized oil retention system for self-sufficiency, complete with a full ‘expedition tools-deck’.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Text by HX Hurtigruten Expedition team members, Friederike Bronny -  Geographer and John Chardine -  Ornithologist.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Every year, our ships sail in the wake of great explorers across the icy waters of the Fram Strait.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"sailing-the-fram-strait","title":"Sailing the Fram Strait","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland","id":"2yo1LbyTqmriY1qv3mQoYA","slug":"greenland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland gyrfalcon","id":"56RPTQd2EP6zYHv6WtHXPY","slug":"greenland-gyrfalcon","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland Sea","id":"2HHzem9nMIPNpk3PF5w6uy","slug":"greenland-sea","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fram Strait","id":"sFmlmaab55g5cuPKs2ZUh","slug":"fram-strait","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Adventure","id":"2YeSEGQI2F4MNtE7IzIWt3","slug":"adventure","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Fox","id":"1wlrlA98S4R6TiRbdKcyC3","slug":"arctic-fox","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Aurora Borealis","id":"5UNSShvHawc7gMwCymppbN","slug":"aurora-borealis","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fjords","id":"5Us4WaDaqVfnoLSXxKPgNi","slug":"fjords","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Glacier","id":"2bpqtDMpO8AEn66NSCpvQu","slug":"glacier","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Kayaking*","id":"6QYmxXcVra3n1BalglPANM","slug":"kayaking","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Photography","id":"dl0bTxedlYkEnescTnCZv","slug":"photography","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Polar bears","id":"Ehb1ZZwrnt7YITXH7R7VZ","slug":"polar-bears","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/rwbMrezpaq56WNCga6uZ6/3dcef1cc62fa9d47258074ddd98833a6/Sailing_The_Fram_Strait.jpg","imageAlt":"Sailing The Fram Strait"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are several countries that stretch north into the Arctic Circle, but the Norwegian Svalbard Islands — just 1,050 km from the North Pole —  are in the top three places on the planet to spot the polar bear.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the Norwegian Polar Institute, the population of the Svalbard polar bear is now 3,500. On the largest island, Spitsbergen, polar bear numbers have been steadily growing in recent years. This is good news, because in 2008 the creatures were listed as a threatened species due to the potential loss of their habitat.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"14 facts you didn't know about polar bears","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Latin name for polar bears is \"ursus maritimus,\" which means sea bear. In Inuit mythology, the polar bear is called Pihoqahiak, the \"ever-wandering one.\"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Svalbard Polar Bear","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Polar bears appear to be white, but underneath all that fur they’re actually black! The fur itself is translucent, so it looks white as it reflects the light of the Arctic ice. Unlike their land cousins, polar bears are classified as marine animals. This is because they spend most of their time not on solid land, but on the frozen flats of sea ice where their food supplies are found.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Polar bears have an extraordinary sense of smell. They can smell prey from over a kilometre away; this comes in handy when they need to find the breathing holes used by seals. Their sense of smell is so keen, they can even detect a seal when it’s a metre under the compacted ice and snow. A polar bear will wait a long time for a seal to come up for air!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Polar bears are always seen above ground, but they can actually swim for days at a time to reach another ice flat. They have very large paws to help them swim, while their hind legs act as a rudder. They can reach speeds of 10 kilometres per hour over long distances.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Where and When to Spot the Spitsbergen Polar Bear","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The largest populations of Spitsbergen polar bears live on the colder eastern side of the islands. During the long winter months when the entire archipelago freezes over, the polar bears travel far out onto the frozen seas but, of course, the polar nights don’t make for the best viewing conditions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Due to the constant daylight hours in the summer months, the best time to view polar bears on the Svalbard Islands is from June to September. The sun doesn’t set below the horizon for up to four months and the Arctic ice naturally starts to slowly melt. This means polar bears accumulate on the remaining ice packs and the area is much easier to navigate by boat, making them easier to spot. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Even though the population has grown in Spitsbergen, polar bears are still considered a species in decline, globally. Climate change means that there’s a longer melting period and this affects the ice forming. This pack ice is prime hunting ground for polar bears and while their hunting habitat is at risk, there’s a threat to their survival.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"See the polar bear on a cruise with HX Hurtigruten Expeditions","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There’s never been a better time to visit the pristine Arctic wilderness and see these furry mammals for yourself. The special sight of a Svalbard polar bear roaming in its natural environment is a memory you’ll keep forever.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"HX Hurtigruten Expeditions offers a wide range of ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/svalbard-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"cruises to Svalbard","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":", including:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Circumnavigations of Svalbard","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Circumnavigations of Spitsbergen","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Cruises along the west coast of Spitsbergen","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Arctic Circle is the only place in the world where you can see this magnificent creature in its natural habitat.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\n\n","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"polar-bear","title":"King of the Ice | The Svalbard Polar Bear.","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Svalbard","id":"2gbYl70TVCL5cgZrRmq4dP","slug":"svalbard","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Environmental commitment","id":"2NIYCatmhsfbBP3GGDIgVR","slug":"environmental-commitment","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Adventure","id":"2YeSEGQI2F4MNtE7IzIWt3","slug":"adventure","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Excursion","id":"LMqzQh5Us4hJm75GOSn0g","slug":"excursion","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Explorers Program","id":"3KVdkNAVZULdJggUIeip4k","slug":"explorers-program","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Wildlife","id":"2jbiw7Z41iVF1bka9J5l1K","slug":"spectacular-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/11OKas3Vm1eUxNrOw8gJds/f6cf99d1cb7188232229519dbb701de8/Polar_Bear_Stefan_Dall.jpg","imageAlt":"Polar Bear"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"1. How thick is the ice on Antarctica?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The main thickness of the ice on Antarctica is about 2,16 km, that is over 7000 ft. One of the most fascinating things about Antarctica is that it is, in fact, a landmass. Explorers travelling to the north pole were only ever standing on ice and hope - south pole explorers have something more substantial underneath. However, in parts of Antarctica, the land itself is far underneath indeed.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"2. Are there any cities in Antarctica?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are no indigenous population on Antarctica today, and it has never been. Antarctica is an isolated island, both in terms of distance to main land, climate and the storminess of its seas. The people being on Antarctica are either tourists that often lives on a cruise ship, or scientist who work on the research stations. Access to Antarctica are permitted by the Antarctic Treaty. If you want to go there for a expedition or just visit, you’ll need a permission to go. However, if you book an expedition cruise to Antarctica with Hurtigruten, there is much easier to have a comfortable stay and still experience the amazing nature and wilderness. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"3. Research stations in Antarctica provides scientific research","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Though there are no truly permanent residents in Antarctica, there are people there all year round. The continent's isolation and harsh climate, though difficult to live in, make it perfect for all manner of study. There are around 45 permanent stations and in summer there are 30 camps in addition. Researches stay in Antarctic bases and study the continent's' life, geography and temperatures. It's also a prime location for astronomers - the clear conditions and near-permanent darkness in winter make for ideal stargazing. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"4. Hidden lakes in Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antarctica has a secret lake - many secret lakes, in fact. Scientists have drilled far beneath the thick glacial ice atop Antarctica to find liquid lakes below. The spectacular hidden lakes are just one of many features of Antarctica. The most exciting part: These lakes are absolutely teeming with microscopic life. Scientists can use water samples to learn about how these miniscule creatures survive in such a harsh environment. This could even give researchers an idea for how life might survive on other planets, such as below the ice found on Mars. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"5. Antarctica landmark – HUGE mountains","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A huge mountain chain called “The Transantarctic Mountains” divides the Antarctic continent into eastern and western regions. The series of mountains is one of the longest in the world, and extends over 2,000 miles. A good portion of these mountains are buried beneath Antarctica's ice and snow, but many of the peaks are steep enough to be snow-free. Alongside the Transantarctic Mountains and in the surrounding water both whales, seals, sea birds and penguins of Antarctica lives and have their habitat. Read more about the amazing wildlife and predators on Antarctica. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"6. Midnight sun and permanent Antarctic darkness","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When you travel to Antarctica, you'll get to see one of the most fascinating sights in the world: the midnight sun. This is a exceptional feature of Antarctica. South of the Antarctic circle, there is a period of months when the sun never sets. Summers near the south pole are perpetually bright, which means you can sit outside and read at midnight, if you like. Researchers who stay all year round also experience the opposite - permanent Antarctic darkness. However, tourists can only see this astronomical event in the Arctic circle, as Antarctica's tourist season ends after summer. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"7. Volcanic activity beneath Antarctica’s ice","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are plenty of extinct volcanoes in Antarctica, but there are two active ones, as well. One of these is at Deception Island, and it's an incredibly interesting and rare type of volcano. Located far beneath Antarctica's ice, it actually has subglacial eruptions, which means that all of Deception's activity happens below the surface of the ice. Antarctica's other active volcano, Mount Erebus, is picture perfect. It's the continent's most active volcano, and it looks like a science experiment brought to life. Mount Erebus is one of the only volcanoes on earth with a constant molten lava lake in its crater. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"8. Katabatic wind ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antarctica's geography and climate means it gets a special kind of wind called katabatic. These are winds that are formed when air moves down a slope. In Antarctica, the mountain range paired against large, flat expanses makes for a dramatic wind combination. Some of the highest wind speeds in history have been recorded on the southern continent - in fact, the world record for wind speed is tied between Antarctica's Dumont d'Urville station and Mount Washington, New Hampshire, both of which have experienced winds of 320 kilometres per hour. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"9. Antarctica is abundant in natural resources ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Most of the planet's freshwater sits in Antarctica's ice. This ice-covered continent actually contains the vast majority of Earth's freshwater: about 70 percent. This is one of the many reasons the ice cap is such a precious resource - as that ice melts in Antarctica, it mixes into the saltwater surrounding it. Desalination, or the process of removing freshwater from saltwater, is notoriously tricky to do on a large scale, which means it's vital to keep that freshwater separate and safe. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"10. Meteorites – go space rock-hunting in Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you've ever wanted to search for a meteorite, Antarctica is the place to do it. The continent has earned a reputation for being perfect for finding fallen space rocks. There are two main characteristics that make Antarctica so great for meteorite enthusiasts: the white expanse and the ice drifts. The monochromatic landscape makes the dark rocks stand out, and the ice drifts tend to drop them all off in the same area. The result is easy-to-find space stuff.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"10 Amazing physical features of Antarctica that will inspire you to learn more about this wonderful landscape!\n","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"ten-fascinating-antarctic-features","title":"10 fascinating Antarctic features","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Camping in Antarctica","id":"HoSqdPgTMh4tR7UeNrFUN","slug":"camping-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Changing Climate","id":"XyIdtcUdflinfFGlfzw7v","slug":"changing-climate","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Educational","id":"7F4afOIfk4ydt02dF9oNPq","slug":"educational","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Environmental commitment","id":"2NIYCatmhsfbBP3GGDIgVR","slug":"environmental-commitment","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Explorers Program","id":"3KVdkNAVZULdJggUIeip4k","slug":"explorers-program","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Incredible Icescapes","id":"4jAWao4jFK6ZB4fTdPi3M5","slug":"incredible-icescapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Lectures and talks ","id":"6hOTUAZFSiBop48xDxZXDn","slug":"lectures-and-talks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Photography","id":"dl0bTxedlYkEnescTnCZv","slug":"photography","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Remote Beauty","id":"5K03RcA20fSxHOEJ2lRWoI","slug":"remote-beauty","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Science Center","id":"6NiDuKXKaxUL1Y4N2VrrLR","slug":"science-center","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Shore Excursions","id":"1INDwPqHhF2ln2RCkcjg0b","slug":"shore-excursions","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Snowshoeing in Antarctica","id":"396Zm92qgRx0p4hGnVwn9G","slug":"snowshoeing-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Scenery","id":"6YYvfq0T2LMZJIc3hLAIJA","slug":"spectacular-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/6p7Av6oZr2qy2SKYEKAdfA/39dca0987225bc1106e75734ae78f635/Pourquoi-Pas-Island-Antarctica-HGR-151170_1920-_Photo_Espen_Mills.jpg","imageAlt":"Pourquoi Pas Island, Antarctica - Photo Credit: Espen Mills"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Don’t be fooled by the size of these islands. This enigmatic archipelago may only be about half the size of Wales at 4,700 sq mi, but they’re packed with things to see and do. It’s a place shaped by its fascinating history, enchanting wildlife, and beautifully rugged landscapes, all of which are ready and waiting to be discovered.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Despite its chilly temperatures, the Falkland Islands are the perfect setting for ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/enhance-your-cruise/catalog/stanley--falklands-nature-trek/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"nature treks","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", hikes, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/enhance-your-cruise/catalog/falkland-islands-volunteer-point/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"4x4 excursions","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" and ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/enhance-your-cruise/catalog/stanley---community-walk/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"other explorations","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". As for what to pack, don’t worry – ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/support/practical-information/what-to-pack/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"we’ve thought of everything","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"To whet your appetite, here’s our traveler’s guide to the Falkland Islands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"A tale of twists and turns","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The question of who discovered the Falkland Islands has long been pondered by historians. While there were no signs of life here until the mid-18th century, the first record of anyone even seeing the islands was made in 1592. In 1690, the English sea captain John Strong made the first recorded landing, naming them for Viscount Falkland, treasurer of the Royal Navy.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The British founded a naval base and settlement on Saunders Island in 1765. Little did they know, a few months earlier the French had founded a colony – known to them as Iles Malouines – on East Falkland and neither party knew of the other’s existence. A few years later, France sold its claim to Spain and, when English and Spanish ships discovered each other soon after, there was much back-and-forth until the last Spanish settlers left in 1811. Argentina then won its independence from Spain and attempted to colonize East Falkland in the 1820s.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Thus, this incredible little archipelago’s most tumultuous chapter began, culminating in the Battle of the Falklands in 1914 and the 1982 Falklands War. In 1990, Argentina and Britain restored diplomatic relations and in 2013, islanders voted to remain a British overseas territory.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"These small but perfectly formed islands are packed with interest for any explorer, from history to hiking and cathedrals to penguins. Here’s our traveler’s guide to the Falklands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"a-travellers-guide-to-the-falkand-islands","title":"A traveler's guide to the Falkland Islands ","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"South America","id":"41JfPH2LFUxCHGWLN00Ai","slug":"south-america","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/61BVtFHCHUt9HB64TGMO3c/692f1348afa973f91549dfd26be5e7dd/2024.01.28-Falklands-Saunders-YuriChoufour-26-Yuri-Choufour-25955015-Photo_Yuri_Matisse_Choufour_1920.jpg","imageAlt":"MS Fram at the coast of Saunders Island, Falklands Islands. Credit: Yuri Choufour / HX Hurtigruten Expeditions"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Unfortunately, the rate of change in Antarctica has turned out to be much faster than the global average. The West Antarctic Peninsula is one of the fastest warming areas on Earth, with only a few areas in the Arctic experience faster increases in temperature.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Antarctic Ice Sheet holds approximately 61 percent of all fresh water on Earth. Were it all to melt this would lead to a rise in sea level of 58 metres. In East Antarctica the ice sheet rests on a major land mass, but in West Antarctica the seabed can extend to more than 2500 metres below sea level. The mean thickness of the Antarctic ice sheet is an incredible 2 kilometres, but the maximum is almost 4800 metres! The continuing melt of Antarctic ice will result in rising sea levels, eventually putting the lives and livelihoods of millions of people living in coastal areas at risk.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sea ice extent suddenly declining in November 2016","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antarctica’s sea ice has been expanding slightly in recent years, and this has been a big theme for those who doubt global warming being man-made. The National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) in Colorado provides daily updates of the ice condition in the polar regions. The centre reports that once the Antarctic sea ice reaches its maximum extent on 31 August (earlier than expected) it has been declining rapidly and was by November 2016 more than 1 million square kilometres below the previous record low. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The map here shows the Antarctic sea ice’s extent from 1 November to 30 November in 2016, a period in which it is at its lowest in recorded history for the month. Scientists say its difficult to pinpoint exactly what is happening. Winds that normally sweep around the Antarctic continent were the weakest in two decades for the month of November, and might have been a factor. Recovery of the Ozone layer of Antarctica leading to cooler air might also have contributed.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Antarctic Ice Sheet in irreversible decline?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For half a century climate scientists have seen the West Antarctica ice sheet as a sword of Damocles suspended over human civilisation. With warming temperatures in both the sea and atmosphere the ice sheet could begin to disintegrate, resulting in a sea rise of 2 metres or more by 2100 and more in the century to come. The fact that the ice sheet in west Antarctica is resting on a sea bed under water makes it particularly vulnerable to warming water.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Pine Island Glacier","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Pine Island glacier has retreated roughly 50 kilometres in the past 70 years. In November 2015 an iceberg the size of Singapore broke off from the glacier, signalling its depreciating state.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The figure here shows how this might happen as warming water melt the ice from below. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Prior to the break-up of the Pine Island glacier in 2015 scientists had observed a rift formed at the very base of the ice shelf 30 kilometres inland indicating that the shelf was breaking up from the inside out. A new rift was detected in November 2016, indicating new movements that might result in new break-ups to come. The Pine Island glacier sits at the outer edge of one of the most active ice streams on the continent. Much like a cork in a bottle it blocks the ice flow into the sea. If the West Antarctic ice sheet collapses, which may happen in the next 100 years, this could lead to a rise in sea levels of nearly 3 metres.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"bold"}],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Antarctic Peninsula","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Antarctic Peninsula, home to almost 700 hundred glaciers, has experienced a warming of more than 3˚C over the last 50 years. 90% of the glaciers in Antarctica are retreating. Recent research suggests that the rapid retreat stems both from the warming atmosphere and increses in Ocean temperatures. The map here by Cook et al (2016) shows red and blue dots, where red dots show retreating glaciers as a consequence of increasing ocean temperatures, and blue dots show glaciers not currently retreating.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Consequences of climate change in Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The most dramatic impact from the warming water and atmosphere in Antarctica is the rising of global sealevels. A collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet might happen already in the lifetime of our children, and would drown major metropolitan areas like New York and Miama and displace as many as 150 million people worldwide.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Krill often feed on algae underneath sea ice and will decline when the ice decreases. Adélie penguin populations have been declining in recent years due to reductions in krill populations and changes in weather in their traditional nesting areas. Emperor penguins are vulnerable as well. Another species identified to be highly vulnerable to climate change is the Antarctic tooth fish.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate change in ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/antarctica-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" will have dramatic effects both locally and globally.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"About the author","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Mr. Svein Tveitdal is a civil engineer with extensive experience from the private sector and the UN. In 1989 Svein was the founder of the Environmental Centre GRID-Arendal in Norway that is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). After acting as director for almost 10 years, he joined UNEP as a division director at their headquarters in Nairobi. After leaving UNEP he started his own company, Klima2020, and also served seven years as the Environmental Ambassador to the city of Arendal, Norway.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"He has served as chairman or board member in numerous private companies and public institutions. Svein's current focus is on bridging the gap between science, policy makers and the broad public to facilitate understanding of the threats and opportunities climate change poses. He is a writer, lecturer and active social media user with more than 200,000 followers on Twitter (","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://twitter.com/tveitdal"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"@tveitdal","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"). He typically communicates what is happening globally with climate change and renewable energy including the Arctic and Antarctica.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On board MS Midnatsol, Svein will give three lectures about the history of climate change, as well as the latest status on human-made global climate change and its impact, with a particular focus on the melting ice in the Arctic and Antarctica. He will talk about the Paris climate agreement, solutions and action needed, and discuss the chances we have to limit global warming to a level that will prevent the world from climate disaster. He will also talk about the threats and opportunities the green shift is posing on the business sector and the public.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Changing climate in Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With the beginning of the industrial revolution in the early 18th century humans began pouring CO2 into the atmosphere – first from burning coal, and later from oil and gas. Since then this period of anthropogenic climate change has led to a global warming of about 1˚C.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"changing-climate-in-antarctica","title":"Changing climate in Antarctica","tags":[{"name":"Changing Climate","id":"XyIdtcUdflinfFGlfzw7v","slug":"changing-climate","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Wildlife","id":"2jbiw7Z41iVF1bka9J5l1K","slug":"spectacular-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Scenery","id":"6YYvfq0T2LMZJIc3hLAIJA","slug":"spectacular-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Camping in Antarctica","id":"HoSqdPgTMh4tR7UeNrFUN","slug":"camping-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Environmental commitment","id":"2NIYCatmhsfbBP3GGDIgVR","slug":"environmental-commitment","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/6CAv01cXAB8HCuGH9xZrzc/c45c8722eaaefd1f51e550b1aae2f848/Antarctica.jpg","imageAlt":"Antarctica"},{"body":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sitting less than 600 nautical miles from the Geographical North Pole, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/svalbard-cruises/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Svalbard’s landscapes","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" are typical of the High Arctic. Majestic fjords slice between ice-capped mountain ranges, and glaciers stretch for miles. In the tundra, vegetation finds a way through the permafrost. This pristine Arctic wilderness is home to some fascinating creatures.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Braving the tundra","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"As indicated by its name, the Svalbard reindeer is endemic to Svalbard. It’s the only reindeer subspecies to be found on the archipelago, with herds present in the unglaciated tundra of almost every island. They’re easily identified by their majestic antlers, and during much of the summer, you can see these antlers in different stages of growth.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Overeating in the summer","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Winter in the High Arctic is a difficult time for a herbivore. Access to food is limited, and what they do manage to find may be of low quality. A Svalbard reindeer therefore makes good use of the summer, constantly grazing on the lush vegetation of the tundra. Similar to animals that hibernate in the winter, it builds up fat reserves that it can burn through when times are tough in the colder months.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Arctic fox can also be found all across Svalbard. It has thick white fur throughout the winter, but in summer, look out for a shorter coat of brown or grey fur. This darker coat matches the rocks and plants of the summer tundra, providing camouflage when there’s less snowfall.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Arctic avians","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Svalbard truly is a haven for birds, providing prime annual breeding spots for 41 species of seabird. Keep an eye out for Black Guillemots and Common Eiders drifting across the calm water of the fjords, and Brünnich's Guillemots breeding on the steep sea cliffs.\nListen out for the squawk of the Glaucous gulls and the chirping of a flock of Little Auks. With an average length of 20 centimetres, this is the smallest auk species, and it can be found nesting almost everywhere in Svalbard.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"A long-haul flight","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"About 40% of all bird species are migratory, but none match the migration of the Arctic Tern. It hatches in summer in the Arctic Circle, then leaves its breeding ground and flies all the way to the opposite side of the world, wintering in the Antarctic Circle. This distance of 30,000 kilometres is increased by the non-linear migration pattern, meaning that the Arctic Tern has the longest recorded migration of all birds.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Aquatic acrobats","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The cold waters of Svalbard are home to several whale species. Beluga and minke whales are most common, but humpback and fin whales are also regularly seen. These immense sea mammals are surprisingly agile, sometimes throwing their entire bodies out of the water in an impressive acrobatic display.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"You might even encounter the mighty blue whale, the largest animal that has ever lived on Earth. This ocean giant can blow up to 10 metres into the air through its blowhole, and it emits the loudest and deepest sound of any creature.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Pinniped paradise","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Swimming in the waters of Svalbard are walruses and many species of true seal. These remarkable marine mammals are well adapted to life in the icy water. A thick layer of blubber insulates them from the cold, their nostrils close up while they dive, and they can even eat underwater! You might see bearded seals in a shallow bay, or shy ringed seals hauled out on the ice.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"King of the Arctic","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The polar bear is an iconic symbol of the North Pole. These solitary bears tower over adult humans, standing at a height of up to 10 feet (about 3 metres). With brilliant white fur that reflects the sunlight, they’re certainly an unforgettable sight. From a safe distance, you might catch a glimpse of one of these rare apex predators stalking a seal beside a glacier or swimming from one ice floe to another.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Strong swimmers","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The only bears to be considered marine mammals, polar bears spend most of their lives on the sea ice. Their insulating layer of fat helps to keep them afloat while they swim. The longest known distance swam by a polar bear without stopping is 687 kilometres, completed over nine days! Although the bear survived the trip, she lost 22% of her body weight, as well as the cub she’d been carrying.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Svalbard’s vast landscapes of rock, ice and sea provide a home for a remarkably diverse batch of inspiring creatures.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-svalbard","title":"Wildlife in Svalbard","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Authentic Arctic Expedition","id":"2XGMTi1iRxnN1aVgLiRD9U","slug":"authentic-arctic-expedition","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"The Arctic Frontier","id":"1sxFl9bsOhmYfkrHjWrVRs","slug":"the-arctic-frontier","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Polar bears","id":"Ehb1ZZwrnt7YITXH7R7VZ","slug":"polar-bears","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Walrus","id":"2ezVBoFeZlTbShRNzdxcCx","slug":"walrus","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Guillemots","id":"4Y3We79RLmUYEFercg1V3E","slug":"black-guillemots","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/5VMjpVLIaX3q5TGw5G5Ncg/5ef432fd773ba9164a933a5d4fd4ecc5/2500x1250_isbjorn-hgr-132710--foto_shutterstock__1_.jpeg","imageAlt":"Polar bear walking across the ice in Svalbard. Photo: Shutterstock"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On the southern-most tip of the planet rests one of the world's most massive and mysterious landmasses - the frozen realm of Antarctica. This icy expanse stretches out to cover more than 14 million square kilometres, making it the fifth largest continent in the world. It is situated almost entirely within the Antarctic Circle, which means that temperatures are consistently below zero throughout a majority of the year.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Such conditions make life relatively sparse compared to other regions in the world, but the Antarctic animals that do occupy this frosty landscape are well adapted to handle the incredibly harsh conditions seen regularly by explorers and scientists stationed there. While the landscape may seem somewhat desolate to the untrained observer, it is actually one of the most interesting places on earth.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"15 Interesting facts about Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"1.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" The Dry Valleys in Antarctica are ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"the driest places on earth","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". With such low humidity and moisture on this portion of the continent, snow and ice cannot even accumulate, which leaves the valleys as just a dusty expanse of dirt. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"2.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Antarctica is, on average, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"the windiest place on earth","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". Scientists exploring this southerly landmass have reported wind speeds that have reached up to 200 miles per hour. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"3.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the single ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"biggest mass of ice in the world","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" and can sometimes be up to four miles thick. The continent as a whole contains about 90 percent of the planet's freshwater ice and around 70 percent of the total fresh water on earth!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"4.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Scientists claim that if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet were to melt, it would","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":" raise global sea levels","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" by about 16 feet. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"5.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" The Ross Ice Shelf - a floating tongue of ice that extends off the continent's main landmass - encompasses more than 510,000 square kilometres and is the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"largest ice shelf","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" that has ever been discovered. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"6.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" While Antarctica is covered in ice, it actually holds one of the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"world's biggest mountain ranges","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" - the Gamburtsev Mountains - which stretch out more than 1200 kilometres. The highest peaks are estimated to be around 2,800 metres or about one-third the size of earth's tallest mountain: Mount Everest. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"7.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Another interesting geographic feature ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"hidden under the ice sheet is Lake Vostok","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", a freshwater lake buried under 4 kilometres of frozen water. This lake is about the size of Lake Ontario and is one of more than 200 different bodies of water that has been discovered beneath the ice. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"8.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" While the Grand Canyon is largely considered to be the planets biggest natural rift, scientists ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"discovered another trench","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" on Antarctica that could rival one of America's mightiest natural features. The unnamed canyon was found during a 2010 expedition and extends 100 kilometres, is more than 9 kilometres wide and reaches depths of more than 1,6 kilometres. Scientists speculate that it could be even larger, but further exploration is required to learn the true boundaries of this massive rift. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"9.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Antarctica is home to ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Mount Erebus","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" - the southern-most active volcano in the world - as well as the only known \"lava lakes,\" which have held liquid magma for eons despite the continent's frigid conditions. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"10.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" There are 30 different countries that operate ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"80 research stations","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" situated around the continent. The human inhabitants who occupy these facilities number around 4,000 during the summer months and only 1,000 during the long, harsh winters.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"11.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" In January of 1979, Emile Marco Palma became the first human ever to be ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"born on Antarctica","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". Since his historic birth, only 10 other people have been born on the continent. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"12.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Because of the earth's tilt, the sun does not rise in Antarctica from the vernal equinox to the autumnal equinox, which means the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"continent remains dark","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" throughout the entire winter season. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"13.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Conversely, during the summer months the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"sun does not set in Antarctica","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", which means it actually receives more sunlight than the equator during that time frame. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"14.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" In March of 2000, an ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"ice chunk broke off","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" the Ross Ice Shelf that was 270 kilometres long and 40 kilometres wide or roughly the size of the state of Connecticut. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"15.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Deep Lake in Antarctica is so salty that ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"it cannot freeze","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", even in temperatures as low as negative 15 degrees Celsius!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On the southern-most tip of the planet rests one of the world's most massive and mysterious landmasses - the frozen realm of ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/antarctica-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"fifteen-interesting-facts-about-antarctica","title":"15 Interesting Facts About Antarctica","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Active Adventures","id":"1tdpevrJPqWGKF5VpC9mRn","slug":"active-adventures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Age of Discovery","id":"2Zr1m0MNIgsHLnRw18BKmC","slug":"age-of-discovery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Changing Climate","id":"XyIdtcUdflinfFGlfzw7v","slug":"changing-climate","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Educational","id":"7F4afOIfk4ydt02dF9oNPq","slug":"educational","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Landings with small boats (RIBs)","id":"7MAJsXE8B8DVJQUPVLgiG2","slug":"landings-with-small-boats-ribs","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Lectures and talks ","id":"6hOTUAZFSiBop48xDxZXDn","slug":"lectures-and-talks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seabirds","id":"791HrwaStjNoA1ZpOMMxH6","slug":"seabirds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Snowshoeing in Antarctica","id":"396Zm92qgRx0p4hGnVwn9G","slug":"snowshoeing-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Landscapes","id":"dVrOFmJhKyrywuD81woVg","slug":"spectacular-landscapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanoes","id":"EMw8He0lhiQvOLS4QqnKE","slug":"volcanoes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/4DPQkJyEzTexJfq1Jh67Lg/b7400e4c93d7b5ecb1f33b0836d197c4/Danco-Island-Antarctica-HGR-151247_1920-_Photo_Espen_Mills.jpg","imageAlt":"Danco Island, Antarctica - Photo Credit: Espen Mills"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"October - November","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Late spring / Early summer","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Spring is the season of love no matter where you are in the world, including Antarctica. Penguins and seal species will be busily engaged in courtship rituals to attract a mate. Successful penguin couples will then set about building nests which will become snug homes for their precious eggs by the end of November.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Daytime temperatures range between -7 to 2°C (20-36°F) and there is a natural stream of beautiful ice sculptures for you to admire in the form of ice floes and icebergs, still in pristine shape from the previous winter. The soft snow gathered on the ground over winter also means conditions are ideal for camping as part of an optional activity.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Whales are still a rare sight in the area, with many still making their slow migration south at this time. November is when wildflowers bloom in the Falklands/Islas Malvinas, covering the grassy green hills in colour. Over in South Georgia, elephant seal pups can be spotted on the beaches, as well as fur seals later in the season.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"December - January","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Mid-summer","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When summer fully arrives in Antarctica, days grow longer with up to 20 hours of daylight and temperatures are at their highest between -2 to 4°C (28-39°F). Glaciers calve more often and there is less snow on the shores and rocky cliffs.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In Antarctica, the Falklands, and South Georgia, most penguin eggs will also be ready to hatch. Fluffy chicks can then be seen warmly tucked between the legs of their parents who will be taking turns to waddle back and forth between the water and their nests to feed.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Later in January, almost as a sign of parental stress, adult penguins begin to moult their plumage, looking like puffs of walking frayed pillows. Seals and their young pups lounge on along the shores or on sea ice, and chances of spotting whales increase each day.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"February - March","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Late summer","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"By this stage of summer, adult penguins have finished moulting and have a new coat of feathers. The young chicks are now adolescents, eager to make it on their own as they take their first cautious steps into the sea to learn how to swim and fish. At the same time in South Georgia, king penguins are only just beginning to court and lay their eggs.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The long, sunny days, with a temperature range between -2 to 2°C (28-36°F), also result in an abundance of krill in the waters. This draws large numbers and a wide variety of whales who come to gorge themselves on the tiny crustaceans, making these months the best for whale-watching.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"And if you think you see shades of bright pink and green in the water, your eyes aren’t deceiving you. That’s snow algae thriving on the sunshine and adding some extra colour to the white canvas of Antarctica. You can also look forward to some magical sunsets and sunrises that tinge the ice with soft pink and orange hues.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Not sure when exactly to ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/antarctica-cruises/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"travel to Antarctica","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"? This calendar of what you can see during different stages of its spring and summer season might help you decide.\n\nAs the sun returns to Antarctica after its long winter, a wealth of wildlife can be seen throughout the spring and summer season. Each period showcases different stages of the cycle of life, including courting, nest-building, giving birth to new life, and raising their young.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"slug":"when-to-visit-antarctica","title":"When to visit Antarctica","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Active Adventures","id":"1tdpevrJPqWGKF5VpC9mRn","slug":"active-adventures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Camping in Antarctica","id":"HoSqdPgTMh4tR7UeNrFUN","slug":"camping-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Expedition","id":"dlYqWmQCH5JYP9QWT1SH1","slug":"expedition","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Exploring","id":"6N21x76eFw7hPekzSet0vt","slug":"exploring","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Glacier","id":"2bpqtDMpO8AEn66NSCpvQu","slug":"glacier","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Incredible Icescapes","id":"4jAWao4jFK6ZB4fTdPi3M5","slug":"incredible-icescapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Landings with small boats (RIBs)","id":"7MAJsXE8B8DVJQUPVLgiG2","slug":"landings-with-small-boats-ribs","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Remote Beauty","id":"5K03RcA20fSxHOEJ2lRWoI","slug":"remote-beauty","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seabirds","id":"791HrwaStjNoA1ZpOMMxH6","slug":"seabirds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Scenery","id":"6YYvfq0T2LMZJIc3hLAIJA","slug":"spectacular-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanoes","id":"EMw8He0lhiQvOLS4QqnKE","slug":"volcanoes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/1vCTRarzVphRGRbfsT9gab/93650dc22542abc56f35b85a70cec0b1/Lemaire_Channel__Antarctica_Genna_Roland.jpg","imageAlt":"Lemaire Channel, Antarctica"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Elephant Island, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.hurtigruten.com/en-us/expeditions/destinations/antarctica-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", is named after the elephant seals that make their home there (as well as for its elephant-like shape). The island is located 150 miles off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands. Covered in ice and towering above the surrounding Southern Ocean, it’s truly a sight to behold. Discover the five notable facts below.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"elephant-island-facts","title":"Elephant Island: Five Facts You Need to Know","tags":[{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Remote Beauty","id":"5K03RcA20fSxHOEJ2lRWoI","slug":"remote-beauty","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Scenery","id":"6YYvfq0T2LMZJIc3hLAIJA","slug":"spectacular-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/5Kar5TKgIGy3XdJkgkW7l8/8356475730d9e0624fd2b0b4d3a1fa4b/Chinstrap_Penguins__Elephant_Island_Photo_Dominic_Barrington.jpg","imageAlt":"Chinstrap Penguins, Elephant Island - Photo Credit: Dominic Barrington"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A showcase of evolutionary biology","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Formed by a series of volcanic eruptions several million years ago, these remote islands were seeded with life by animals drifting across the ocean from the rainforests of Central and South America. Arguably, no other place on Earth can compete in terms of unique wildlife experiences. Not only are there many endemic species here, but they have evolved without mammalian predators and are for the most part unafraid of humans.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It was the naturalist Charles Darwin who put these paradise isles on the map, visiting in 1835 and noting the differences between subspecies on the various islands. This led him to develop his theory of evolution driven by natural selection, outlined in his seminal work On the Evolution of Species. Today, the Galápagos is sometimes referred to as an ‘open air laboratory’, attracting evolutionary biologists and wildlife lovers alike.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iconic animals","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Galápagos archipelago is famed for the presence of some unique subspecies, with the giant tortoise and the iguana being perhaps the two most well-known. The islands feature diverse habitats, from arid and dry and covered with cacti, to lush-green with wetter microclimates. This forced animals to branch off into several subspecies in order to adapt to natural conditions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Land iguanas, for example, have evolved into three separate subspecies. These include a marine variety which can deep-dive and forage on the seabed, and the yellowish-brown Santa Fe iguana, which remains land-bound. Similarly, ten varieties of endangered giant tortoises can be found. Besides these iconic species, there are many more that are endemic, including Galápagos sea lions and fur seals which laze upon the shores of several islands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Adapting to a watery world","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Marine iguanas have evolved adaptations allowing them to swim underwater and graze submersed vegetation, making them the only reptile anywhere in the world with this ability. To do this, their hearts beat more slowly than their terrestrial cousins and the blood vessels under the skin constrict. Their snouts have shortened, and small tricuspid teeth have developed to facilitate nibbling algae from rocks. Furthermore, they possess enlarged supraorbital glands to extract salt from their blood, which they then forcibly sneeze out.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A plethora of avian and marine life","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As we cruise around the Galápagos archipelago, we’ll be on the lookout for the many species of bird which live here. From Galápagos Penguins and the magnificent Galápagos Albatross – which only breeds on Española – to red-throated Frigate Birds and three species of booby. It’s even possible to spot flamingos on some islands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The beak that inspired a book","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Darwin noticed that of the 18 species of finch he encountered in the Galápagos, each had a different type of beak. He theorised they must all have descended from a common finch found in South America, and their beaks had adapted to eating different types of seeds on the diverse islands. Detailed drawings were made, and exact measurements taken. It became clear to Darwin that bigger beaks were for bigger seeds, and vice versa, inspiring his theory of natural selection.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the few endemic predators is the Galápagos Hawk, which preys on smaller birds and young iguanas. Predators can also be found in the seas, with white tip reef sharks, tuna and spotted eagle rays thriving not far offshore. Other aquatic creatures, such as the Galápagos green turtle, can sometimes be seen when snorkelling, while some 24 species of cetacean have been recorded within the Galápagos Marine Reserve.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Ol’ blue feet","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The most noticeable feature of sula nebouxii – commonly called the Blue-footed Booby is – yes – it’s blue feet. The colouration is due to carotenoid pigmentation caused by eating fresh fish. These pigments signal health and, in particular, the bird’s immunological state and overall fertility – with a bright blue hue signifying excellent health. As such, the blueness of a booby’s feet is a trait for sexual selection – which is why they exultantly wave their webbed feet in the air during courtship rituals.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/galapagos-islands-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"visit to the Galápagos","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" will reveal an incredible diversity of wildlife with much of it unafraid of humans. As such, guests will be instructed in how to remain at a safe distance, ensuring we do nothing that would otherwise disturb the unique creatures and ecosystems in these remarkable island havens.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The iconic wildlife of Galápagos – from giant tortoises to scaly iguanas – is for the most part unbothered by human presence, making photographic encounters all the more rewarding. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-the-galapagos","title":"Wildlife in the Galápagos","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Ancient Cultures","id":"ibu9tVf8jwFDcTiVacdVx","slug":"ancient-cultures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Adventure","id":"2YeSEGQI2F4MNtE7IzIWt3","slug":"adventure","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Galápagos Tortoise","id":"2wKfy7awUxR4EeJ2jlAVXn","slug":"galapagos-tortoise","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Albatross","id":"3jDL7Esn7NSqJiSbdWYu3A","slug":"albatross","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iguanas","id":"2yJWKtxZebJJChid5N6saM","slug":"iguanas","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3DBglvZAAEhlHXbSB1NilE/410c7d50cb98d3cf223586c0a6e8f11c/galapagosoyene-ecuador-hgr-146963_1920-foto_getty_images.jpg","imageAlt":"Galápagos Tortoise, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador - Photo Credit: Getty Images"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Apex predators of Alaska","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With an estimated 30,000 bears, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/alaska-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Alaska","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" is home to the vast majority of America’s brown and grizzly bears. These hulking omnivores can grow up to 10 feet tall when standing and feed mostly on berries, fish and small mammals. Besides nursing mothers and their cubs, they’re usually solitary, but don’t be surprised if you see groups of bears gathered together for a feast during the salmon run.\n\nEven more common than brown bears, black bears also roam the wilderness. They’re great climbers, so you might even see these bears relaxing in tree branches overhead. Despite their name, their fur can range in colour from black to grey to cinnamon brown. Some are even white, like the polar bears that live among the glaciers further north.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Coastal creatures","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the varied landscapes of Alaska live three species of deer, easily identified by their majestic antlers. Look out for the stocky figure of a Sitka black-tailed deer in the coastal rainforests in the southeast, and spot moose in the northern forests and caribou in the tundra. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Seasonal fashionistas","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Arctic foxes live in the tundra and treeless coastal areas. Standing at around two feet, their stocky build and thick coat and tail prevent heat loss during the frigid winters. These little omnivores eat almost anything they can find, including carcasses left over from larger predators.\n\nThe Arctic fox is often pictured with its distinctive coat of long, white fur, which serves as a convincing camouflage in a winter scene. However, with less frequent snow in the warmer months, white fur would make them dangerously obvious to their predators, so every spring these foxes undergo a fascinating transformation. They shed their winter coat in favour of a shorter coat of brown or grey fur to match the rocks and plants of the summer tundra.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A spectacular seascape","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The cold waters of Alaska are home to seven whale species: beluga, humpback, grey, bowhead, blue, right and minke whales. The largest dolphin species, the orca, also known by the misnomer ‘killer whale’, can also be seen here. Orcas have been known to prey on some whale species, which inspired whalers to give them the title “killer of whales”. This morphed into “killer whales” over time, causing these striking black and white marine predators to be ironically mistaken for their own prey.\n\nKeep an eye on the sea to catch sight of one of these aquatic giants breaching out of the water to take a breath.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"An unexpected home ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Dry land is the typical home for mammals with legs, so the sea otter’s habitat surprises many. With webbed feet, waterproof fur and excellent eyesight, they are well adapted to live exclusively in water, and are most often seen floating on their backs on the sea surface. Sea otters eat, sleep and even give birth in the water, and they have to keep their fur meticulously clean so it can stay water-resistant.\n\nCloser to the coast, look out for sea otters floating on their backs in the shallow waters. This member of the weasel family spends most of its life on the water and feeds primarily on shellfish, smashing them against rocks to break them open. Seeing a pair of sea otters holding hands while taking a snooze or a mother clutching her pup to her chest might just melt your heart.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Bountiful birdlife","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The diverse birdlife found in Alaska make it a dream destination for birders. Two similar species, the bald eagle and the golden eagle, are easily told apart by their different habitats. You’ll find golden eagles mainly above open ground, while the solitary bald eagle prefers to nest around rivers and fjords.\n\nAs you explore the landscape, listen out for the honk of Trumpeter Swans in the water and the buzz of the Rufous Hummingbird as it hovers among the flora. To the naked eye, the wings of this tiny bird are just a blur, beating at around 75 beats per second. This is what produces the distinctive “humming” sound from which its name is derived.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With towering mountain ranges, deep fjords and vast forests, Alaska offers a diverse landscape that caters to an impressive variety of wildlife.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-alaska","title":"Wildlife in Alaska","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Fox","id":"1wlrlA98S4R6TiRbdKcyC3","slug":"arctic-fox","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Bears","id":"ozIZfkIbKr9zpXx59co6d","slug":"bears","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Salmon","id":"1ZQJP5v5wliTlstJdVPsS4","slug":"salmon","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/ArOte140Cmo5rJo3Qhm4i/ee3f899938f94197378ac0c21f9d05b1/00-brown_bear-alaskashutterstock_2500x2150.jpg","imageAlt":"Brown Bear, Alaska - Photo: Shutterstock"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are almost 60 native species of birds that are found across the Galápagos Islands. In addition to the native breeds, there are dozens of birds that migrate through the islands on a regular basis. The migratory breeds typically pause in the archipelago between the months of October and March. By using the checklist below, you can determine the birds that you need to stay on the lookout for during your expedition.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finches","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finches are one of the most idyllic birds to be found across Galápagos. They were part of the original reasoning behind the Theory of Evolution. In the winter months, you can find the thirteen types of finches nesting over the islands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos Penguins","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although the penguins found in the archipelago thrive in all seasons, they typically migrate to cooler waters during the winter months. The Galápagos penguin is the only type of penguin that lives north of the equator. These small penguins can be found diving near the shorelines, specifically on Isabela Island.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Flamingos","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Flamingos nest during the winter months. These birds can be found resting on specific island territories, such as Isabela, Santa Cruz, and Florena Island.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Frigate Birds","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are two types of frigate birds that reside in the archipelago. Frigates have one of the most unique mating rituals of any animal. With their red throat sacs, the month of March is often one of the best times to view these creatures.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Flightless Cormorants","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the Big 15 animal species of the archipelago, these birds are the only one, out of 29 variations of cormorants, that cannot fly. During nesting season, these birds are as docile as they will ever be.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos Hawk","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although hawks are typically conspicuous breeds, their mating season is often the best time to see them interact in rare form.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos Penguin","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This breed of penguins is active during the autumn months. These birds move towards the central islands to begin their season of breeding.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Waved Albatross","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the Big 15 animals on the Galápagos Islands, the waved albatross has a unique dance routine that is enacted during mating season.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Blue-Footed \u0026 Red-Footed Booby","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are three distinct types of booby birds. The blue-footed and red-footed species have vibrant feet that they use to perform a fancy foot dance that they use to attract mates in the spring months.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Short-eared Owls ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Both barn owls and short-eared owls can be found across the islands. Short-eared owls across the island begin to settle in to prepare for mating season. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Lava Herons","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Because of the terrain of many of the islands, small birds must endure tough conditions. Lava Herons nest during the month of October. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Storm Petrels ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are eight types of storm petrels, and each type nests twice a year. Towards the end of the year, they retract for the second time. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Blue-Footed Booby ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Towards the end of the year, you have the opportunity to see blue-footed booby chicks venture from their nests. Unfortunately, many of the parent birds are primarily fishing offshore.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Have you heard? The ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/galapagos-islands-cruises/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Galápagos Islands","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" are overflowing with unique bird species. Many of the birds found across the archipelago cannot be found anywhere else in the world.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"When you explore, look out for these unique species. Depending on the season in which you are travelling, you will have the opportunity to see a variety of wildlife.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"slug":"birds-of-galapagos","title":"Birds of Galápagos","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Exotic Wildlife","id":"4kZ4ftz7hXK7oIWc6W7GsJ","slug":"exotic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Blue-footed Boobie","id":"Vzyhcueoks33WCgG2p3lg","slug":"blue-footed-boobie","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Environmental commitment","id":"2NIYCatmhsfbBP3GGDIgVR","slug":"environmental-commitment","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Explorers Program","id":"3KVdkNAVZULdJggUIeip4k","slug":"explorers-program","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Galápagos Islands","id":"6RnOnBsLLLaB1Hfhkvwx7Y","slug":"galapagos-islands","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Galápagos Tortoise","id":"2wKfy7awUxR4EeJ2jlAVXn","slug":"galapagos-tortoise","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iguanas","id":"2yJWKtxZebJJChid5N6saM","slug":"iguanas","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Landings","id":"7FaelB2eGBOkHzFE1171Kk","slug":"landings","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Rich Wildlife","id":"2G29idklWtJuP9vmyRBOhm","slug":"rich-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seafaring History","id":"2QQboy8tjMLeXlABFKISj8","slug":"seafaring-history","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/50KfRZMhKngSGsdIiDzKmA/e0dad0f11ccdaf04364b00498d2392c8/ecuador-galapagos-darwin-finches.jpg","imageAlt":"Darwin finches - Galápagos Islands, Ecuador"},{"body":null,"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Discover the Drake Passage, one of the world’s most fabled waterways and a must-do for every adventurer en ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-us/destinations/antarctica-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"route to Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"drake-passage-facts","title":"Incredible Facts about the Drake Passage","tags":[{"name":"Drake Passage","id":"5TUF25flpTdn4RMpNmYrDP","slug":"drake-passage","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Wildlife","id":"2jbiw7Z41iVF1bka9J5l1K","slug":"spectacular-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Landscapes","id":"dVrOFmJhKyrywuD81woVg","slug":"spectacular-landscapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Scenery","id":"6YYvfq0T2LMZJIc3hLAIJA","slug":"spectacular-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Unique Wildlife \u0026 Ecology","id":"5BLwePlHft3Nct1sWVsn9t","slug":"unique-wildlife--ecology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Rich Wildlife","id":"2G29idklWtJuP9vmyRBOhm","slug":"rich-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctic Circle","id":"2bNa9rkmWYQkBwZAOvYZHf","slug":"antarctic-circle","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/7AS2RbyPXPL4I4vRRB0lN9/f877c397f621d5b6aa5e2ff51cb15849/drake_passage_r7d6256.jpg","imageAlt":"Drake Passage"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Because the Galápagos Islands were undeveloped for millions of years, the animals across the region have no fear of humans. Travellers are thus able to have up close and personal interactions with a vast variety of species. From marine mammals to birds to reptiles, there are many extraordinary animals that have found a home on the islands that are covered in volcanic terrain. You will encounter many of these creatures during your expedition. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Flightless Cormorant","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The flightless cormorants are small, strange birds. It is the only type of cormorant that cannot fly. Because of their interesting heritage, the cormorant mating rituals are unique and usually include a period of time where the females fight for male attention.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Red-Footed Booby","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The red-footed booby is much less common than the blue-footed and Nazca booby breeds. These active birds often travel almost 90 miles in their search for food. Because they are nimble, these birds are agile and focused as they hunt for fish.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos Hawk","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Galápagos hawks are constantly preying on smaller birds, lizards, and turtles that nest around the islands. This dark coloured bird has incredibly broad features. Since this species is endemic to the Galápagos, it has a very small world wide population count.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Marine Iguana","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"These colour-shifting creatures search for prey above and beneath the surface of the water. Algae is the primary food source for this variation of iguana. This endemic breed is the only marine lizard species across the entire globe that spends time in the ocean.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos Flamingo","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Because they eat shrimp, these birds have some of the brightest features of any species. Although they can be over 4 feet tall, they still only weigh around 6 pounds, on average. These birds typically stand on one foot to conserve body heat.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos Albatross","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Galápagos Albatross is somewhat difficult to encounter because it resides solely on Española Island. This is the largest bird in the region with a wingspan over eight-feet long and weighing 11 pounds. These birds have unique mating rituals and extensive flight routes.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Blue-Footed Booby","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although blue-footed boobies are incredibly popular, catching a glimpse of them can sometimes be difficult. This species has bright blue webbed feet that are striking upon first glance. Their webbed feet only turn blue when they reach full maturation. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Nazca Booby","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Nazca booby is not unique to the Galápagos Islands. Although these small creatures appear to be gentle, they often take aggressive measures to ensure their survival. With a black monochrome body and an orange beak, this species is the largest of the booby family.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos Sea Lion","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Thankfully, you will likely encounter these adorable sea creatures on almost every one of the Galápagos Islands. Although they spend much time basking in the sun, they have playful personalities. Depending on their gender, these creatures weigh between 200 and 600 pounds.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Santa Fe Iguana","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This lizard is constantly blending in with the natural habitat on Santa Fe Island. This stocky lizard can surprisingly grow to weigh almost 200 pounds. Although these creatures can easily blend in with their environment, they typically have a yellow colouring.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos Penguin","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Galápagos Penguin is an extremely unique species. This is the only type of penguin that can be found north of the Equator. This endemic species thrives in tropical altitudes and lives alongside the tourists that are exploring off the shore and across the land.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Greater Frigate Bird","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The greater frigate birds are distinctive because they have a large, red pouch that can be found on the underside of their neck. These birds often have one mate for the entirety of their lifetime. In addition, they often travel large distances across Galápagos.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos Fur Seal","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos fur seals are only born in litters of one. These small seals are social, but their population has decreased steadily over the last few years. Although they spend roughly 30% of their time on shore, fur seals prefer nesting in areas that provide partial shade.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Land Iguana","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"These large reptiles can live up to 60 years, growing to over three feet long. Because of their size, these lizards often travel and bask in small groups. In general, this breed prefers to reside on the dry lowlands of specific islands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Galápagos Giant Tortoise","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Galápagos Giant Tortoise is an endangered animal that has the ability to live well over 100 years. Because of their extensive life and endangered population, these animals are perhaps the most popular wildlife attraction found on the Galápagos Island.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"One of the most defining factors of Galápagos is the wide selection of animal species that are endemic to the islands. The “Big15” animals are the most iconic breeds across the archipelago. During your ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en/destinations/galapagos-islands-cruises/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"trip to Galápagos","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":", you are likely to encounter the majority of these animals.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"slug":"the-big-15","title":"The Big 15","tags":[{"name":"Galápagos Islands","id":"6RnOnBsLLLaB1Hfhkvwx7Y","slug":"galapagos-islands","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Galápagos Tortoise","id":"2wKfy7awUxR4EeJ2jlAVXn","slug":"galapagos-tortoise","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iguanas","id":"2yJWKtxZebJJChid5N6saM","slug":"iguanas","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Active Adventures","id":"1tdpevrJPqWGKF5VpC9mRn","slug":"active-adventures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Ancient Cultures","id":"ibu9tVf8jwFDcTiVacdVx","slug":"ancient-cultures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birdwatching","id":"2boPydWAGzDZuarxIU69NB","slug":"birdwatching","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Blue-footed Boobie","id":"Vzyhcueoks33WCgG2p3lg","slug":"blue-footed-boobie","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Albatross","id":"3jDL7Esn7NSqJiSbdWYu3A","slug":"albatross","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Exotic Wildlife","id":"4kZ4ftz7hXK7oIWc6W7GsJ","slug":"exotic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Lectures and talks ","id":"6hOTUAZFSiBop48xDxZXDn","slug":"lectures-and-talks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Onboard lectures","id":"7kIRKI9tohBGuSpjZXE8a4","slug":"onboard-lectures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Photography","id":"dl0bTxedlYkEnescTnCZv","slug":"photography","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Rich Wildlife","id":"2G29idklWtJuP9vmyRBOhm","slug":"rich-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Sapphire-blue Waters","id":"4q9v4sLOzCskQPVEqY8UxT","slug":"sapphire-blue-waters","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seabirds","id":"791HrwaStjNoA1ZpOMMxH6","slug":"seabirds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Sea turtles","id":"2jL2o5ZFH6wIf5UguqrMB7","slug":"sea-turtles","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3C20VRAOi39z8fPbJGqd3r/60bd48f8f1af4758b1b213b81b960a37/galapagos-ecuador--blue-footed-boobies.jpg","imageAlt":"Blue footed boobies - Galápagos, Ecuador"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Extended relatives","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Arctic is home to six seal species: harp, hooded, ringed, bearded, spotted, and ribbon. These remarkable marine mammals are insulated with thick layers of blubber and fur, which allows them to search for food at depths of more than 6,500 feet in icy water and holding their breath for up to two hours.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weighing up to 2 tonnes, walruses are the largest of the pinniped order which seals are also members of. These leathery carnivores lack the fur that seals have, relying instead on blubber and their ability to slow their heartbeat to survive the frigid water. Walruses are incredibly social animals that lie together on the ice, barking at each other.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Toothy tools","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The scientific name for a walrus is Odobenus rosmarus, which is Latin for “tooth-walking seahorse”. This is appropriate as their iconic tusks are actually canine teeth, and have been known to grow up to 37 inches! Males have bigger tusks than females, and the tusks never stop growing throughout their lives. They can be used as tools to help a walrus haul itself onto ice floes, or as weapons to help males defend their territory.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Polar predators","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The natural predators of ringed and bearded seals, polar bears are endemic to the North Pole. With brilliant white fur and a standing height of up to ten feet, these solitary bears are a sight to behold. Look closely at the snowy landscape to see if you can spot one!\nPolar bears are born in dens dug into deep snow drifts on the land, but then spend most of their life on the sea ice, depending on the ocean for food. Because of this, they are the only bear species to be considered marine mammals. You might catch a glimpse of one of these rare creatures along the shoreline.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A warm invisibility cloak","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Beneath their distinctive white coat, the skin of polar bears is actually jet black, helping it retain sunlight it absorbs through its hair. Their fur doesn’t even contain any white pigment but is instead made up of hollow hairs that scatter visible light, keeping them camouflaged against the sea ice. A dense layer of underfur and a further layer of blubber insulates the body, keeping the polar bear warm.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Summer neighbours","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You might think a place so often covered in snow is no place for a herbivore. However, large herds of musk oxen and caribou graze side by side in the summer months, feeding off tundra grasses and plants. As the temperature drops and snowfall increases in winter, they part ways. The caribou migrate south to a more sheltered climate, while the musk oxen stay put.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you see a herd of caribou, you might notice that even their noses and hooves are covered in hair. The fur under their hooves gives them a good grip when walking on ice, while the hair covering their noses warms frigid air before it reaches their lungs. You may notice a musk ox’s shaggy coat, but it’s the strong odour that the males emit during mating season which has inspired the ox’s name.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Regenerative antlers","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"What sets caribou apart from others in the deer family is that both males and females grow antlers. In the early stages of development, they’re covered in a layer of soft fuzz, called velvet, which provides nutrients to the antlers and promotes growth. Once they have finished growing, the caribou sheds the velvet, exposing sharp, red stained antlers. Shortly after this, the antlers themselves fall off, and regrow over the next year","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Masters of disguise","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The two-feet tall Arctic hare has been gifted with an incredible adaptation: a colour-changing coat. In the winter, a sleeping hare could be easily mistaken for a large snowball, and in the summer, its fur appears a blue-grey colour matching the rocks and vegetation of the area. This, along with their ability to reach speeds of 40 mph, proves invaluable when trying to evade their main predator, the Arctic fox.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Summer is so short in the areas of the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.travelhx.com/en-gb/destinations/northwest-passage-cruises/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Northwest Passage where we sail","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" that the Arctic hares that live there don’t get much of a chance to change their coat colour, instead remaining white for the year.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Northwest Passage is an unspoiled oasis across the High Arctic. Its animal life of musk oxen, caribou, seals and polar bears migrate to more comfortable climes or adapt to the icy landscape.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-the-northwest-passage","title":"Wildlife in the Northwest Passage","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Authentic Arctic Expedition","id":"2XGMTi1iRxnN1aVgLiRD9U","slug":"authentic-arctic-expedition","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"The Arctic Frontier","id":"1sxFl9bsOhmYfkrHjWrVRs","slug":"the-arctic-frontier","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Polar bears","id":"Ehb1ZZwrnt7YITXH7R7VZ","slug":"polar-bears","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Narwhal","id":"AvKb1uJ9bcqZbQxnXApDY","slug":"narwhal","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Beluga","id":"1WI5gFpmsGbYd5J35PuIiM","slug":"beluga","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Muskox","id":"3A2hgL8IhqtYxkAHj1bISe","slug":"muskox","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Caribou","id":"292S4F76d90IU0oiSCtmzU","slug":"caribou","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Walrus","id":"2ezVBoFeZlTbShRNzdxcCx","slug":"walrus","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Bowhead Whales","id":"7opSxpte4tWmgqUlWauEIx","slug":"bowhead-whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/b9kOt6dP6J2Q2lIyrIADd/7f3908d4855de42c37a37467bc67920c/Cambridge-Bay-Canada-HGR-148839_1920-_Photo_Getty_Images.jpg","imageAlt":"Arctic Fox, Cambridge Bay, Canada"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Enormous, powerful and majestic, the polar bear finds its home among the snowfall and the ice drifts. Because its habitat is relatively difficult to reach, polar bears are hard to spot - few people have actually gotten a chance to see this beautiful animal in nature. Looking for a chance to join the ranks that have? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Polar bear physiology","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are probably a few things you didn't know about the polar bear. However, you might know that they live in the circumpolar north, also known as the Arctic Circle. Although they're often pictured alongside penguins, polar bears and penguins, which live in the Southern Hemisphere, would never meet in nature. Instead, polar bears share a habitat with seals, arctic foxes and reindeer.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"They're built for their habitat - their thick, white fur works as insulation and camouflage, and underneath they have black skin that soaks up the sun's rays. They also have a thick layer of fat that helps them retain body heat. Polar bears are strong swimmers, with slightly webbed paws that help them move through the water.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Polar bears are gigantic, even for bears - they're the world's largest land predators, and can weigh up to 1000 kilos. They have no natural enemies.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Polar bear lifestyle","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Many people have the misconception that polar bears hibernate. They don't; in fact, technically no bears do. Hibernation requires a reduction in body temperature. Because bears are so big, it takes a lot of energy to reduce or increase their body temperature: more than they'd conserve by hibernating in the first place.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"However, bears - polar bears included - are significantly less active during the colder months. For female polar bears that aren't pregnant and male polar bears, this simply means sleeping more and moving less. Pregnant polar bears will enter a den, and actually give birth during the winter. While in their den, they enter a hibernation-like state where their heat and metabolic rates decrease, but their body temperatures remains stable. This allows the mother to conserve energy while still being relatively alert.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Because of this inactive period, summer is the best time of year to spot polar bears. From June to September, bears are up and ready to go. They spend most of their time looking for food, which mainly consists of seals. Polar bears will sit by the holes in the ice where seals are likely to surface for air, and wait for their next meal to arrive. Although seals are their favorite, they're opportunists - they're happy to eat any carcasses they happen to stumble upon.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Polar bear locations","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Norway's position relative to the Arctic Circle makes it an excellent place to search for polar bears. During their active season, polar bears travel further south to find the ice drifts that attract seals. If you know where to go, your odds of catching a glimpse go way up.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Svalbard is a small, Norwegian island with an incredibly high density of polar bears. In fact, the chances of running into a polar bear on Svalbard are so high, tourists are warned not to leave settlements without a guide at any time. Provided you're traveling safely, however, this part of the world is the perfect place to spot these creatures.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The eastern coast of Svalbard has a particularly high bear population. This makes it the ideal place to observe these animals in the wild. Depending on when you see them, you might get a chance to see them hunt, travel or - if there are cubs around - maybe even play.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the northernmost part of the world, where the ice is thick and the air is cold, there lives a creature. Laying your eyes on a polar bear is just an adventure away.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"polar-bear-spotting-in-the-arctic","title":"Polar bear spotting in the Arctic","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Polar bears","id":"Ehb1ZZwrnt7YITXH7R7VZ","slug":"polar-bears","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Circle","id":"15DvpKFdW9obHFYFUrkI2K","slug":"arctic-circle","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Fox","id":"1wlrlA98S4R6TiRbdKcyC3","slug":"arctic-fox","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Svalbard","id":"2gbYl70TVCL5cgZrRmq4dP","slug":"svalbard","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Greenland","id":"2yo1LbyTqmriY1qv3mQoYA","slug":"greenland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"The Northwest Passage","id":"7dDJ4rgDtlVcTSZLbNmK29","slug":"the-northwest-passage","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/6YBJVcjl3gTbtUnaB0D5Rc/8f20765e30140da8b7e87dac5865c702/Polar-Bear-Svalbard-HGS-10985_1920-_Photo_Linda_Drake.jpg","imageAlt":"Polar Bear, Svalbard - Photo:  Linda Drake"},{"body":null,"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Tudor has had a career that most people would only dream of, spending his time exploring the world and sharing his passion for Antarctica and the polar regions with others.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"vp-sustainability-industry-relations","title":"Tudor Morgan | VP Sustainability and Industry Relations","tags":[{"name":"Crew Bio","id":"2625XczAAgI32MaecWV3ba","slug":"crew-bio","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"MS Maud","id":"1ga4L5rtGMHVVt16BI2uZ7","slug":"ms-maud","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Northern Lights ","id":"18fcVgb4CILKe3613DWTLK","slug":"northern-lights-","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Norway","id":"elpwC2RmGjfpzOzxcKE9k","slug":"norway","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"British Isles","id":"5tLNn7OrPwDnUdPz6RLae9","slug":"british-isles","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/6IRBJ1Q4ERGHFikqKzJYrM/06b9311a62122265261a6b700bfdf827/tudor-morgan-hgr-144469_1920--photo_werner_kruse_extend.01db60762e71.jpg","imageAlt":"tudor-morgan-hgr-144469 1920--photo werner kruse extend.01db60762e71"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"1. The name is Swedish.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The name Grytviken, Swedish for “the Pot Bay,” was coined by the Swedish explorer Johan Gunnar Andersson, who found old “try pots” used by the English to render seal oil. One of these try pots is preserved in the South Georgia Museum.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"2. Grytviken was founded by a Norwegian sea captain.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Carl Anton Larsen set up a whaling station in 1904, with the help of sixty fellow Norwegians. The whalers extracted oil from the blubber, meat, and viscera, while the bones and meat were used for fodder and fertilizer. They also hunted elephant seals. Larsen’s company was called the Compañía Argentina de Pesca (Argentine Fishing Company).","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"3. The most famous landmark is the grave of Sir Ernest Shackleton.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sir Ernest Shackleton sailed from London on a ship called the Quest, but it broke down repeatedly, forcing him to disembark in South Georgia on January 4, 1922. Shackleton died of a heart attack soon after, and his grave lies in a small cemetery in Grytvitken.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"4 Grytviken resembles a ghost town.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although the settlement used to be home to roughly 500 men and their families, it’s practically abandoned now. All that remains is a cinema, church, museum, and cemetery. The serene, untouched atmosphere is perfect for those looking to stay away from crowds.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"5. Grytviken has a tundra climate.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In a tundra, vegetation consists of grass, moss, shrubs, lichens, sedges, and a few scattered trees. The average annual maximum temperature in Grytviken is 41°F, and the average minimum is 30.2°F. Annual precipitation is about 40 inches, so remember to pack a raincoat.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"6. Grytviken is a great place for hiking.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Among other local activities, hiking is a prime attraction for visitors to Grytviken. The traverse of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is harsh but rewarding — you can retrace the steps of Sir Ernest Shackleton himself across glaciers and black sandy beaches. If you’re lucky, you’ll even spot some penguins and elephant seals along the way.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"7. The South Georgia Museum is a popular tourist destination.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The South Georgia Museum, opened in 1991, was previously a villa occupied by the manager of the Grytviken whaling base until its closure in 1965. Originally focused exclusively on whaling, the museum expanded to include exhibits on the sealing industry, the Falklands War, and other subjects. The museum also hosts an artist-in-residence program, allowing artists to hone their craft in peace.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With its picturesque scenery and rich history, Grytviken is a must-visit for anyone seeking adventure and fascinating stories.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although Grytviken sounds Scandinavian, it’s actually British and part of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, a British Overseas Territory. The settlement of Grytviken is located on the remote island of South Georgia, next to an idyllic harbor. Here are seven facts about this distinctive settlement.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"south-georgia-grytviken-travel-guide","title":"Grytviken Travel Guide: From Whaling Station to Intriguing Destination","tags":[{"name":"Falkland Islands","id":"4wk5x9St8wHgsU8XXKz58I","slug":"falkland-islands","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Rich Wildlife","id":"2G29idklWtJuP9vmyRBOhm","slug":"rich-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wildlife watching","id":"2JkXRIKHI1QFsZ0jVBxKtZ","slug":"wildlife-watching","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seabirds","id":"791HrwaStjNoA1ZpOMMxH6","slug":"seabirds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seafaring History","id":"2QQboy8tjMLeXlABFKISj8","slug":"seafaring-history","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/59rfWqLNB5xA9xm7ygzZdB/435ca7455cdef7d970f8321ef2a9e408/2500x1250-grytviken_south-georgia_marsel-van-oosten.jpg","imageAlt":"Grytviken, South Georgia. \nPhoto: Marsel van Oosten"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A quaint hillside village overlooking the harbor, Port Stanley is tiny by European standards with its population of 2,121. Yet with its radio station, newspaper, and hospital, it’s a large city compared to the rest of the islands. Among the flora and fauna are penguins and seals, albatrosses and sea lions, and — unlike the other islands in the archipelago — many people as well. Here are five facts to help you decide what to do in Port Stanley.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"1. Who owns Port Stanley?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Falkland Islands’ ownership has been much contended throughout history. The Argentinians, Spanish, French, and British have all occupied the islands at one point or another, but today the islands are officially under British rule. Various power struggles between claimants preceded this agreement, most recently in 1982, when Argentine forces invaded the islands. British forces responded by sending a naval fleet to defend the territory, and Argentina surrendered on what is now known as Liberation Day.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"2. Penguins, whales and rare flora.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Falkland Islands are great for spotting elusive wildlife, and Stanley is no exception. Visitors can see black-browed albatrosses and Magellanic penguins; and, off the shores of Stanley, you’ll likely see numerous whale species in their natural habitat. Basking seals and sea lions are often seen on the beaches in large colonies; you can even get close enough to watch them feed and play along the coastline. The Falkland Islands are also home to more than 350 species of flora, at least 13 of which are endemic. Don’t forget to catch a glimpse of the Pale Maiden — the islands’ most coveted flower, and a national symbol of the Falklands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"3. Everything outside Port Stanley is known as “the Camp.”","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The entire Falklands archipelago outside Port Stanley (which only accounts for 1 percent of the islands’ land mass) is referred to as “the Camp,” from the Spanish word campo (countryside in English). Here you’ll find ample possibilities for trips outside the town. Visit Stanley Long Island Farm for a taste of the rural Falklands, spend some time on the beach, or check out the local bird life.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"4. The Falkland Islands Museum is a portal into the past.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Located in an old dockyard, the museum is run by the","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"http://www.falklands-museum.com/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Falkland Islands Museum and National Trust","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" (FIMNT), a registered charity. There, you can learn about the cultural history of the Falkland Islands and visit an interactive room focusing on the Falklands War. There’s also a wing dedicated to maritime history.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"5. Avid golfer? There’s a golf course in Port Stanley.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Stanley Golf Club boasts one of the world’s southernmost courses. With 18 holes and 12 greens, the course is 4,500 yards long. It’s cheap, too; you can play a round for £5 (approx. $6.50). Just watch out for the wind!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"6. The crown jewel of the Falklands","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Port Stanley is an interesting place to visit in the Falklands. There’s a rich and varied culture, closely related to that of Great Britain yet special in its own way. Upon arrival, you’ll be immersed in history at the museum, or in culture at other landmarks. There are lots of things to do in Port Stanley; spend some time there and, who knows — you might not want to leave.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Port Stanley is the Falkland Islands’ capital and largest town. Situated on East Falkland, the largest of the Falkland Islands, it is about 380 miles east of Argentina.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"falkland-islands-port-stanley","title":"Port Stanley: Crown Jewel of the Falklands","tags":[{"name":"Rich Wildlife","id":"2G29idklWtJuP9vmyRBOhm","slug":"rich-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Falkland Islands","id":"4wk5x9St8wHgsU8XXKz58I","slug":"falkland-islands","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seabirds","id":"791HrwaStjNoA1ZpOMMxH6","slug":"seabirds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seafaring History","id":"2QQboy8tjMLeXlABFKISj8","slug":"seafaring-history","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/6xQm2xA08tOHn3UVO8BY4S/b46a79341573bc01bcbc093e6193eb5c/stanley-falklands-jeep-safari---hgr-119313---andrea-klaussner.jpg","imageAlt":"Jeep Safari, Port Stanley, Falklands. \nPhoto: Andrea Klaussner"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"From visiting the king penguin colonies that populate this far-removed archipelago to getting one of the rarest passport stamps in the world, these islands are brimming with things to do. Here are five of our favorites:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"1. Gaze at the majestic king penguin","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The king penguins that roam South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are Antarctica’s iconic symbol and one of the most beloved and spectacular sights for visitors. The penguins stand at an impressive three feet high and can be spotted at most of the bays that pepper this remote archipelago. Although female king penguins only raise two chicks every three years — despite regular breeding — their population continues to thrive.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"2. Get your passport stamped","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the most satisfying aspects of travel is flicking through your passport to reflect on your adventures. When visiting the South Sandwich Islands, be sure to get the official South Georgia stamp. It’s not an official entry pass, but it is an excellent memento for your trip to this faraway part of the world.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"3. Retrace the steps of Ernest Shackleton","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"After setting out from London in 1914, the crews of the Endurance and the Aurora ran into difficulties around South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Explorer Ernest Shackleton and his crew survived for weeks on an ice floe before finally making it to South Georgia, which they traversed on foot and eventually sent out ships to rescue the remaining crew. On a later trip to the islands, Shackleton died of a heart attack. Visitors can now pay respects at his grave in Grytviken.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"4. Explore Prion Island","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This small island, located a few miles northeast of Luck Point on South Georgia, is famed for being charted by American naturalist Robert Cushman Murphy during 1912–1913. It's the home of the spectacular wandering albatross, and the island is also known for being rat-free, making it an exception among the other islands nearby, which have been plagued by rats ever since whaling ships brought them there centuries ago. The rats pose a threat to the native bird life as they prey on the eggs; luckily, this isn’t an issue on Prion Island.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"5. Visit the only church in Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the few markers of human life in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is the Norwegian Lutheran church in Grytviken. This neo-Gothic structure was constructed by whalers, led by explorer Carl Anton Larsen, during 1912–1913. The church was consecrated on Christmas Day in 1913, and its graveyard has sixty-four graves, including that of Ernest Shackleton. The church was also briefly shown in the 2006 animated film Happy Feet, which centers around a group of emperor penguins. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Visiting the South Sandwich Islands is an experience like no other. Witness some of the few man-made structures in Antarctica, discover the area’s wildlife, and soak up the history of famed explorers who visited the area.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Nestled in the remote Southern Ocean north of mainland Antarctica are South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The islands remain an official British territory and are most famous as polar explorer Ernest Shackleton’s final resting place.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"south-sandwich-islands-thing-to-do","title":"Five Things to Do in the South Sandwich Islands","tags":[{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Snowshoeing in Antarctica","id":"396Zm92qgRx0p4hGnVwn9G","slug":"snowshoeing-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Camping in Antarctica","id":"HoSqdPgTMh4tR7UeNrFUN","slug":"camping-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Wildlife","id":"2jbiw7Z41iVF1bka9J5l1K","slug":"spectacular-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Unique Wildlife \u0026 Ecology","id":"5BLwePlHft3Nct1sWVsn9t","slug":"unique-wildlife--ecology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Wild Beauty","id":"06jWdKLXtHearqI6Iz8sF","slug":"wild-beauty","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Scenery","id":"6YYvfq0T2LMZJIc3hLAIJA","slug":"spectacular-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/4Z3KmUIHcn6YnHrWmZOFjX/94ed347114a367fe95348321cb293780/grytviken---south-georgia-dominic-barrington.jpg","imageAlt":"Grytviken, South Georgia. \nPhoto: Dominic Barrington"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"1. Látrabjarg boasts the largest seabird cliff in Europe.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The bird cliffs of Látrabjarg, Europe’s westernmost point, are about nine miles long and 1,446 feet high. The four cliffs — Keflavíkurbjarg, Látrabjarg, Bæjarbjarg, and Breiðavíkurbjarg — are totally vertical, allowing for a great view of the sea (just don’t get too close).","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"2. The most common bird there is the puffin.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Atlantic puffins, with their distinctive black-and-white feathers and bright orange beaks, are all over the Látrabjarg bird cliffs. They can be found from May to August each year, perched in their little puffin holes. During summer, Iceland is home to about 10 million puffins.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"3. Visit the folk museum.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Hnjótur Museum in Örlygshöfn tells you the history of everyday life in the southern Westfjords. The museum was started by Egill Ólafsson, who was a big collector of old trinkets. A visit will enlighten you on the lives of the ordinary people from this part of the world.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"4. There’s a beach.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Rauðasandur is Iceland’s most famous beach, and when you see it, you’ll understand why. Golden sand gives way to a bright blue ocean and towering black cliffs, providing an unforgettable experience. If you’re lucky, you might even see a few seals.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"5. There are some lovely restaurants nearby.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Feeling peckish? Grab some cauliflower soup and pistachio-crusted cod at a local restaurant while looking out over the water. Whatever your culinary preference, Látrabjarg is a great spot for foodies.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"6. The Dynjandi waterfall makes for a good day-trip.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you can endure a two-hour drive, venture to the Dynjandi waterfall. There, take a fifteen-minute hike to the biggest part of the waterfall and enjoy the overpowering rush of the pounding water as it falls from high above. There are also smaller waterfalls down the river.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"7. Samuel Jonsson’s farm is full of original art.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"After seeing the puffins and the waterfall, why not check out the \"outsider\" art on Samuel Jonsson’s farm? Jonsson was a prolific artist who died in 1969, and his eye-catching sculptures adorn the property. He also constructed a church and a gallery, which still stand. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The natural beauty of Látrabjarg’s bird cliff continues to be the region's main attraction, but, man-made or otherwise, all of the sights at Látrabjarg are truly otherworldly. Gaze at the cute puffins and powerful waterfall, enjoy the \"outsider art\" of Samuel Jonsson, and end your day with a delicious meal from one of the local eateries. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Explore the whole country of fire and ice and get your chance to experience the Látrabjarg bird cliff on one of our ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland expedition cruises.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Bird cliffs are steep and shelved to provide nesting places for birds — and nowhere on earth is there one quite like Látrabjarg, Iceland. A rocky promontory jutting out from Iceland's west coast, it boasts a stunning beach and several fun activities for visitors. Here are seven notable facts.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"latrabjarg-bird-cliff","title":"Látrabjarg: The Ultimate Bird Cliff","tags":[{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fire \u0026 Ice","id":"24moB3qgTFRHvjh7UtXBnw","slug":"fire--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Viking Heritage \u0026 Mythology","id":"7veqbdee7eWcFUyFxfnjzM","slug":"viking-heritage--mythology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanoes","id":"EMw8He0lhiQvOLS4QqnKE","slug":"volcanoes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/IVtaF339GxHbrVw33U4xu/23d525d0eed83b486b8c91fb0731863b/puffin-vigur-island-iceland-hgr-115714-karsten-bidstrup.jpg","imageAlt":"Puffin, Vigur Island, Iceland. \nPhoto: Karsten Bidstrup"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Walking around the village, you’ll see an array of colorful nineteenth- and early twentieth-century timber buildings such as the Blue Church (which hosts a series of jazz, folk, and classical concerts) and a thriving community of artists, musicians, and students. All around, giant green mountains provide a striking backdrop.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Hiking in Seydisfjördur","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Waterfall Lane is just one of many hikes you can take from the town’s center through the surrounding forests. As the name suggests, you’ll see several waterfalls along rugged waters dotted with blueberry bushes. You can also take a snowshoeing tour, where you might see reindeer or the Skalanesbjarg bird cliffs after setting off at Austdalsa River.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Fun in the water","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Kayaking excursions are a fun, high-energy way to explore the neighboring fjords. Tours can last anything from hours to two days, depending on how far you travel. Don’t worry, newcomers can join, too. Kayaking season is during the warm summer months of June, July, and August. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you’re feeling adventurous (and with the proper certification), take a dive 130 feet below sea level to see the wreckage of the oil tanker El Grillo, which was bombed by a German fighter jet during World War II. It weighs more than 7,000 tons and is thankfully oil free.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"LungA Art Festival","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The week-long LungA Art Festival (yes, with a capital A at the end) is an annual music and arts festival held every July since 2000. Along with concerts and exhibitions, attendees can go to parties, lectures, and workshops. It draws big crowds every year with its display of cutting-edge creativity presented in a celebratory atmosphere.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One museum provides a portal to Seydisfjördur’s past","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Technical Museum of East Iceland, founded in 1984, showcases the local heritage of Seydisfjördur through its engrossing exhibitions. The museum focuses on the effects of technological advancement — machinery, electricity, telephones, etc. — on the town’s history. You can visit the museum any time from June 1 to September 15, and if you want to visit in winter, you can arrange with the museum. Every July, the museum hosts the Blacksmith Festival, which includes courses on blacksmithing and knife making along with music and dancing.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Skalanes","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Just ten miles east of Seydisfjördur is Skalanes, a private nature reserve. A popular way to get there is to hike from the Austdalsa River along a three-mile trail that provides an excellent view of the Skalanesbjarg bird cliffs — home to more than forty bird species. The Skalanes Mountain Lodge is a great spot for some rest and relaxation, with facilities including a library, fireplace lounge, and outdoor sauna as well as locally sourced traditional Icelandic food like lamb, reindeer, and fish. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Seydisfjördur is a nature lover’s paradise. Remote and isolated from the urban bustle, it provides serenity for an outdoor adventure. Kayaking, hiking, bird watching — this town has everything you need for an exhilarating trip in a tranquil but vibrant setting.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Located by a fjord in eastern Iceland, Seydisfjördur was settled in 1848 and used as a trading post by merchants, whalers, and fishermen. With a population of only 700, it’s a great destination for travelers looking to get away from city life.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"seydisfjordur","title":"The Natural Splendor of Seydisfjördur","tags":[{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fire \u0026 Ice","id":"24moB3qgTFRHvjh7UtXBnw","slug":"fire--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Viking Heritage \u0026 Mythology","id":"7veqbdee7eWcFUyFxfnjzM","slug":"viking-heritage--mythology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanoes","id":"EMw8He0lhiQvOLS4QqnKE","slug":"volcanoes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/r6tWjnrxmx24zBf9ZyM4F/d4f0c595eb4380df517bc8b20bcf22d2/seydisfjordur-island-hgr-113868-esther-kokmeijer.jpg","imageAlt":"Seydisfjordur, Iceland. \nPhoto: Esther Kokmeijer"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More recently, tourism has become an increasingly vital part of the economy, and a visit will show you why. Formerly one of Iceland’s biggest towns, Siglufjördur became known as the capital of herring fishing. Now it’s perhaps even better known as the setting for the Dark Iceland series of detective novels by Ragnar Jónasson.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Visiting the Herring Era Museum is even better than eating herring.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Herring Era Museum isn’t just one of Iceland’s largest fishing museums — it’s a gathering place in town. In summer, there’s dancing, singing, and a demonstration on how to salt fish. Visitors can learn how herring provides both food and oil, and visit a boathouse with vintage boats that capture the town’s old spirit.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Folk Music Center is a must for folk fans.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Founded in 2006, the music center is officially open from June to August and, upon request, at other times during the year. Folk music enthusiast Reverend Bjarni Thorsteinsson compiled the collection of recordings and items there while serving the local parish.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Folk Festival is an all-ages bonanza.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The folk music festival takes place every year in July and features traditional Icelandic music as well as international material. Workshops and courses are also available.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are 2,000 birds in Siglufjördur.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the town’s main attractions is its birdlife. There are roughly eighteen species of birds and about 2,000 birds in total around the town. The most bird-heavy area is Leirurnar, home to many Arctic terns and eider ducks. Other species include the red-breasted merganser, white-tailed eagle, black-headed gull, and short-eared owl.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Siglufjördur is a good spot for hikers.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"From snowcapped mountains to black-sand beaches, the local landscape is a feast for the senses. The Holsskard and Hestsskard passes are popular trails, both leading to the deserted Hedinsjordur fjord. There, you’ll see steep mountainsides leading down to the valley below, and Hedinssfjardarvatn Lake, known for trout fishing. Experienced hikers can head northeast from the abandoned fjord, where you’ll find the deserted farmhouse of Hvanndalir.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It’s great for skiing.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Due to its remote location, Siglufjördur isn’t as well known as other skiing destinations, but that just means more snowy trails for you. Ski season lasts from March to June, and heliskiing is available, a service that replaces a ski lift with a helicopter.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You can take a midnight sail over the Arctic Circle.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The town experiences the midnight sun in June and July, and there’s no better way to enjoy the resulting natural beauty than going on a romantic midnight sail. Surrounded by high mountains and glimmering water, you’ll feel Zen instantly. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There’s no airport in Siglufjördur, but once you’re settled, the placid environment of this quiet seaside town, coupled with the tourist attractions on offer, will make you want to linger. Plus, with picturesque trails for hiking and slopes for skiing, it is a true natural masterpiece.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland is renowned for its fishing villages, and Siglufjördur is one of the best. With a population of only 1,300, the town boasts an idyllic harbor, which, like those of similar towns, thrives due to the fishing industry.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"siglufjordur","title":"Siglufjördur: A Not-So-Sleepy Fishing Village","tags":[{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanoes","id":"EMw8He0lhiQvOLS4QqnKE","slug":"volcanoes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fire \u0026 Ice","id":"24moB3qgTFRHvjh7UtXBnw","slug":"fire--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Viking Heritage \u0026 Mythology","id":"7veqbdee7eWcFUyFxfnjzM","slug":"viking-heritage--mythology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/23WMA5NHvz14dol7re3WdA/772450b73353493cfb0cfe0a455ef597/siglufjordur-herring--museum-img-8367.jpg-hgr-48997-lisa-anderson-theme-media.jpg","imageAlt":"Siglufjordur, Herring museum. \nPhoto: Lisa Anderson/Theme Media"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The town is home to just 2,182 people, but the numbers swell greatly in summer — if you count the very large visitors in the water, that is. Here are five of the best things to do in Húsavík; the first two are, of course, whale related.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Go whale watching in Skjálfandi Bay","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Húsavík couldn’t legitimately claim to be Iceland’s whale capital without offering guests the best odds of seeing whales.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Humpback and minke whales are among the most common visitors to the area, with white-beaked dolphins frequently stealing the whales’ thunder. All these animals are excellent attractions in their own right, with the humpback a particular favorite among whale watchers due to its playful nature.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For many whale watchers, though, the opportunity to see the biggest living being that ever existed on the planet, the blue whale, is the main attraction. Blue whales are an endangered species, with only 10,000 to 25,000 in the ocean today, so being able to see one in Húsavík is a real privilege.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Visit the Whale Museum","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Naturally, the whale capital needs a whale museum. The museum seeks to be the educational component of the town’s whale-watching experience. If you’d like to understand more about what you’ve seen, or are looking for some inspiration, the Whale Museum is a great first stop.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Check out the Exploration Museum","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Exploration Museum focuses on human achievements in world discovery, such as the activities of the Vikings, and people who furthered our knowledge of the Arctic.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The main focal point of the museum, however, is the exhibit on the Apollo space missions, whose astronauts trained in Húsavík. Iceland is renowned for its geology and landscapes, similar to those of the moon, so these astronauts visited in 1965 and 1967 to prepare for their expeditions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Have a meal at the Gamli Baukur Restaurant","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Located at Húsavík’s harbor front, the Gamli Baukur offers a mixture of local and international cuisine, coupled with an excellent view of Skjálfandi Bay and the mountains in the distance. The restaurant was rebuilt from locally sourced driftwood after a fire in 1960 destroyed the original building, first built in 1884.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Go swimming","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you want to swim in a local swimming pool, or you’re seeking something more natural, there are various options in and around Húsavík. Both the town’s swimming pool and Kaldbakur pond are heated by geothermal energy. An oddity of the Kaldbakur pond is the presence of goldfish. The temperature is appropriate for the species, and many townspeople have chosen to release their former pets into these waters. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Whether you choose to spend your time with the biggest creatures in the ocean, or with some tiny goldfish in a geothermal pond, you’re sure to have a whale of a time in Húsavík.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Húsavík is a small town that looks out over Skjálfandi Bay on Iceland’s northern coast. It has gained international fame as one of the world's best places to see whales.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"husavik-things-to-do","title":"Five Things to Do in Húsavík","tags":[{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fire \u0026 Ice","id":"24moB3qgTFRHvjh7UtXBnw","slug":"fire--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Viking Heritage \u0026 Mythology","id":"7veqbdee7eWcFUyFxfnjzM","slug":"viking-heritage--mythology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanoes","id":"EMw8He0lhiQvOLS4QqnKE","slug":"volcanoes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/ny7a86uhZYCkoxetv3fJo/1c689b6c6baa79bbebded0051a9b395a/husavik-iceland-landscape-karsten-bidstrup.jpg","imageAlt":"Husavik, Iceland. \nPhoto: Karsten Bidstrup"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Located on East Falkland Island, Port Stanley, now commonly called Stanley, is popular with visitors seeking a unique adventure, with this captivating town’s history, geography, and culture rewarding all who make the journey.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Port Stanley wasn’t always the capital","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"British imperialist Richard Clement Moody sent Captains Francis Crozier and James Clark Ross to find a new capital for the Falkland Islands; the previous capital was Port Louis. The men set out on two ships and spent five months searching the archipelago. In 1843, work on the new settlement began, and it became the official capital in 1845. The new capital was named Stanley Harbour after Lord Stanley, who was the secretary of state for war and the colonies at the time, although he’d never visited the Falklands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Respite for sailors, repair for ships","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As a deepwater port, Stanley was a common ship repair stop. Ships traveling through the Strait of Magellan encountered rough seas and storms, and many sailed to Stanley Harbour for repair, making ship repair one of the main industries that grew the capital’s economy. Sealing and whaling ships also used Stanley as a base, and later it became a Royal Navy coaling station.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Natural disaster and war","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the late nineteenth century, two landslides damaged the town, both caused by excessive peat cutting. During the second landslide, in 1886, two people died. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In April 1982, Argentina invaded the Falklands and occupied Stanley, believing that Great Britain wouldn't retake the islands by force. Britain, however, retaliated and sent warships to retake the islands. After losing a warship and all 300 crew on board, Argentina kept its ships in the safety of the port. Meantime, British forces were threatened from the air by the Argentinian air force and lost warships themselves. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In May 1982, British forces landed on the islands and engaged Argentinian troops on the ground. The battle to recapture Stanley began on June 11; three days later, Argentinian forces surrendered.\nPolitics in Stanley. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Given Stanley’s tiny population of 1,750 people, it shouldn't come as a surprise that there’s virtually no unemployment. Sheep shearing and wool production used to be the island’s economic drivers, but in recent years fishing and tourism have significantly increased and rapidly driven up the local GDP. All local politicians in Stanley stand as independents and are elected by the community, with the highest official — the governor — being appointed by the British government to represent the British monarchy.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Culture in Stanley","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Since the Falkland Islands don’t have an indigenous population, cultural practices have been adopted and imported — mainly from the United Kingdom. Stanley is often described as feeling akin to a small Scottish or English town, and the locals follow many British customs.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Highlights of Port Stanley","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Located on East Falkland Island, Port Stanley has a number of quaint cafes and informative museums for visitors. Must-see attractions include the Falkland Islands Museum, St. Mary's Church, Government House, and the 1982 Liberation Memorial. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Christ Church Cathedral, consecrated in 1892, is one of the town’s most stunning landmarks; it’s even printed on the local currency notes. Although it’s among the world’s tiniest Anglican churches, it stands out due to an arch at the front that was constructed from the enormous jawbones of two blue whales from the South Shetland Islands in 1922. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This town in the Falkland Islands is like no other. Despite being 8,000 miles away from the United Kingdom, Stanley retains many traits of British culture. Yet just steps away from the main streets is a world of exotic wildlife that you’ll not see in the English countryside. With a unique mixture of culture, heritage, wildlife, and landscapes, Stanley keeps travelers flocking back time and time again.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Port Stanley, the Falkland Islands’ quaint, beloved capital, was founded in 1843 and is now the largest community in this remote territory located deep in the South Atlantic.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"falkland-islands-port-stanley-history","title":"The Capital of the Falklands: Port Stanley History","tags":[{"name":"Antarctica","id":"1bcGnQDn4TQ7ZmaSPGBFI6","slug":"antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Antarctic Circle","id":"2bNa9rkmWYQkBwZAOvYZHf","slug":"antarctic-circle","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Camping in Antarctica","id":"HoSqdPgTMh4tR7UeNrFUN","slug":"camping-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Snowshoeing in Antarctica","id":"396Zm92qgRx0p4hGnVwn9G","slug":"snowshoeing-in-antarctica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seabirds","id":"791HrwaStjNoA1ZpOMMxH6","slug":"seabirds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Remote Beauty","id":"5K03RcA20fSxHOEJ2lRWoI","slug":"remote-beauty","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Landscapes","id":"dVrOFmJhKyrywuD81woVg","slug":"spectacular-landscapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"History \u0026 Culture","id":"5q56Oys0etVPf8CmDQk7J5","slug":"history--culture","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Wildlife","id":"2jbiw7Z41iVF1bka9J5l1K","slug":"spectacular-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/2qMOramULkeshjst04AClp/368f6f25182b7fbd01d723112813947a/port-stanley-falklands-church-hgr-119564-genna-roland.jpg","imageAlt":"Church, Port Stanley, Falklands. \nPhoto: Genna Roland"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With a population of 1,150, Stykkishólmur is a small but busy town in western ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". Its roots go back to the late sixteenth century with the establishment of a trading post. Nowadays, some of those old houses remain, though you’re more likely to see single-family homes from the 1960s and 1970s. You might also notice the local church, nine-hole golf course, and inviting restaurants and cafés. Everywhere you turn, there’s more to see. Here are five things to know about Stykkishólmur.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"1. Helgafell Holy Mountain is the town’s main attraction.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As its name would suggest, this is an important mountain. At 240 feet tall, its summit offers a great view of Breidafjordur Bay. According to folklore, first-timers who climb the mountain without looking back or talking will be granted three wishes (as long as they face east and keep their wishes secret, of course).","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"2. Stykkishólmur's museums are all worth visiting.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The three museums in Stykkishólmur are all worth a visit. The most popular is the Volcano Museum. Sadly, it’s not located inside a volcano, but it has an impressive artwork display as well as items related to volcanoes and eruptions. Managed by venerable volcanologist Haraldur Sigurðsson, the museum also hosts a series of daily talks. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Then there’s the Norska Húsið (Norse House). Originally built with Norwegian timber in 1832, the museum contains many nineteenth-century artifacts that offer a glimpse into life in Stykkishólmur back then. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Don’t forget the Library of Water, a former library housing Roni Horn’s art installation of twenty-four water columns, each from a different glacier in Iceland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"3. Stykkishólmur runs on geothermal heating.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As part of Iceland’s green energy revolution, the town runs on geothermal energy. The many volcanoes in the vicinity generate this energy, which is then harnessed and provided to residents through Reykjavik Energy (a power plant in the Icelandic capital). What’s more, Stykkishólmur was one of the first European towns to be EarthCheck certified.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"4. The driest month is June.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although there’s a substantial amount of rainfall, Stykkishólmur’s climate is fairly temperate. If you’re deciding when to visit, your best bet is June, when precipitation is limited to an average of 1.65 inches. Other months are far wetter — rainfall reaches its highest point in October, when the average precipitation is 3.65 inches. Temperatures in the summer hover at about 50°F, while winter temperatures can go as low as 25°F.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"5. You can take a boat tour in Stykkishólmur and pretend you’re a fisherman.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You can see puffins and seals frolicking in the sea, or take a bird-watching tour followed by a fresh scallop tasting. You can even catch cod or pollock, have it filleted, and then take it home to cook. If you're lucky, you may even see some of ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/stories/wildlife-in-iceland"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland's other wildlife.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Stykkishólmur is a close-knit community, and even though its origins go back centuries, it’s a modern town with an energy plan that could pave the way for other Icelandic — and European — communities in the future.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Stykkishólmur is a close-knit community, and even though its origins go back centuries, it’s a modern town with an energy plan that could pave the way for other Icelandic — and European — communities in the future.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"stykkisholmur","title":"Stykkishólmur: Another Green World","tags":[{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanoes","id":"EMw8He0lhiQvOLS4QqnKE","slug":"volcanoes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Viking Heritage \u0026 Mythology","id":"7veqbdee7eWcFUyFxfnjzM","slug":"viking-heritage--mythology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fire \u0026 Ice","id":"24moB3qgTFRHvjh7UtXBnw","slug":"fire--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3nhFadL95EjLrtrtUADg8g/91631d0cd4fac57845549e8fc8c43176/stykkisholmur-iceland-karsten-bidstrup.jpg","imageAlt":"Stykkisholmur, Iceland. \nPhoto: Karsten Bidstrup"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"What's unmissable at Iceland’s National Museum?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Iceland museum has a permanent exhibition called \"The Making of a Nation\" that showcases the country’s heritage and history, beginning from the Age of Settlement in the second half of the ninth century to the twentieth century, the latter shown in an exhibit of 1,000 photographs. The exhibition is staged as a journey through time, starting with a ship used by early settlers to first migrate to Iceland to images of the city’s modern airport.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Among the exhibits is the twelfth-century door of the Valþjófsstaðir Church, a priceless piece featuring two intricately carved circular patterns that tell the story of a knight, his lion, and a horde of dragons.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Fun fact: it’s also the only Icelandic door to include carvings in runic script.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This door is joined by many other fascinating artifacts like suits of chain mail, a human skeleton, and a complete small wooden house from the nineteenth century.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Alongside the permanent collection is a rolling roster of temporary exhibitions on the first floor. Recent exhibitions include a contemporary collection of images of old fishing stations and camps, an investigation of the lives of working women from 1915 to 2015, and samples from the museum’s postcard collection.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"History of the National Museum of Iceland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The museum was founded in 1863 when Iceland’s national librarian, Jón Árnason, established what was then known as the Icelandic Antiquities Collection (Forngripasafns Íslands). The second curator, Sigurður Guðmundsson, continued this tradition of collecting antiquities but changed the name of the collection in 1911 to the National Museum of Iceland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Before this, the collection had been held in various attics around Reykjavik. It was then moved to the attic of Árnason’s former employer, the National Library, in a building that now houses the museum’s sister collection, the Culture House. It only moved to its current home at 41 Suðurgata Street in 1944, the year Iceland became an independent nation. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In 2004, the museum was updated to make it more interactive, integrating the use of touchscreens and other technological elements for the first time.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Where is the National Museum of Iceland located?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Visitors to Reykjavik will find Iceland’s National Museum within walking distance of the city center. It’s on Suðurgata Street between the Midborg and Vesturbær districts, close to Reykjavik University. The museum is open Tuesday to Sunday from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"No trip to a big city is complete without diving into local history at its primary museum, and Reykjavik is no exception. With more than 3,000 items on three floors, the National Museum of Iceland explains the history of the island, from early settlements dating back to the Middle Ages to the present day. What follows is a lowdown on what to expect.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"national-museum-of-iceland","title":"A Guide to the National Museum of Iceland","tags":[{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fire \u0026 Ice","id":"24moB3qgTFRHvjh7UtXBnw","slug":"fire--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Viking Heritage \u0026 Mythology","id":"7veqbdee7eWcFUyFxfnjzM","slug":"viking-heritage--mythology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3Jzj6qMIQ24En7FQC048AN/04f53d8a7e1e317e30ebe6a30a64e7f0/reykjavik-evelyn-paris.jpg","imageAlt":"Reykjavik, Iceland. \nPhoto: Evelyn Paris"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Despite its size (40,000 square miles), most of Iceland's modest population is nestled in the southwestern corner, making the Westfjords a truly remote destination.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Westfjords","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Westfjords Peninsula is connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus, adding to the region’s atmosphere of mystical isolation. The landscape is characterized by large fjords — inlets from the sea surrounded by towering mountains. The area's lack of flat land makes it inhospitable to human life. In fact, in 2007 the entire Westfjords region accounted for just slightly more than 2% of Iceland's total population. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wedged between Arnarfjörður and Dýrafjörður, just 19 miles to the north, is an area known as the \"Alps of the Westfjords.\" The mountains here are uncharacteristically pointy and much taller than other peaks in the region. Here, you'll find Kaldbakur, the tallest point in the Westfjords region, standing proudly among the fjords.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Characteristics of Arnarfjörður","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Arnarfjörður is the second-largest fjord in Westfjords and stretches for more than 19 miles through the snowy mountain peaks and rugged terrain of northern Iceland. It’s famed for its diverse landscapes, including an immense lake and volcanic ash mountains that tower triumphantly above the water in hues of gray.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Towns and villages close to Arnarfjörður","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Nestled along the banks of Arnarfjörður is the picturesque town of Bíldudalur. The fjord grants the town great shelter, protecting it from wild winds off the Atlantic, and for this reason, the town is affectionately known as the “good-weather capital of the Westfjords.” Despite its small population of around 200, a vibrant music culture has thrived here for decades, and Bíldudalur even hosts an annual folk music festival.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A short hop away from Arnarfjörður is the village of Þingeyri, located on a small spit of land jutting out into the water. Although small, Þingeyri is very important to both locals and tourists visiting the surrounding countryside, offering services such as a post office, a local sports hall, and a swimming pool.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are plenty of museums around the Westfjords region, offering you the chance to learn about the history of the local community and natural environment. The Icelandic Sea Monster Museum recounts Icelandic mythology and the many creatures said to have inhabited the icy waters around the fjords. The Natural History Museum of Bolungarvík displays more than 250 stuffed birds, along with numerous sea mammals and creatures found on land.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Dynjandi Waterfall","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Dynjandi Waterfall in the Bay of Dynjandisvogur is one of the undisputed highlights of Arnarfjörður. This natural site is a series of waterfalls with a total height of over 328 feet. Water cascades over the clifftops and crashes to the rocky landscapes below, making it one of the most beautiful sights in the country. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Arnarfjörður is one of the many spectacular fjords that make up one of ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"'s most remote areas, the Westfjords. From the small villages that pepper the shores to the soaring mountains above, this remote region is beautiful, tranquil, and undisturbed.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Arnarfjörður, Iceland, is part of the larger Westfjords region, located in the northwestern corner of the country. Visitors to the majestic Arnarfjörður can therefore enjoy the serenity and beauty of this naturally spectacular region without the crowds.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"arnarfjorour","title":"Arnarfjörður and the Westfjords","tags":[{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fire \u0026 Ice","id":"24moB3qgTFRHvjh7UtXBnw","slug":"fire--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Viking Heritage \u0026 Mythology","id":"7veqbdee7eWcFUyFxfnjzM","slug":"viking-heritage--mythology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/2tZQwo16OOZZVnaaKZJ6ms/04e127b529e5dd5e5ff19990e9431503/andrea-klaussner-dynjandi.jpg","imageAlt":"Dynjandi, Iceland. \nPhoto: Andrea Klaussner"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"What is the most famous Falkland Islands animal?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The penguin, of course! The Falkland Islands boast not one, but five penguin species. With the islands' only native land mammal, the Falkland Island wolf, extinct, the Rockhopper, Magellanic, Gentoo, King, and Macaroni penguins have bred on the islands in relative safety. There are now around a million penguins living in the Falkland Islands. If you want to see the adorable babies of 500,000 parents, visit in December and January, which is the best time to see these fluffy penguin chicks.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More good news for penguin fans: the population of these birds on the islands is growing. King penguins were nearly extinct in 1870, but their numbers have since recovered. Rockhopper numbers are also improving again, after a dip in recent decades. Now’s a great time for a conservation-conscious tourist to visit.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"What other birds live on the islands?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Birds are one of the largest groups of animals on the Falkland Islands. Over 220 species have been recorded over the years, making the islands a birdwatcher's paradise. Two of these species are unique to the islands. One is the Falkland steamer duck, a grey flightless bird with a distinctive white stripe behind the eye. The other is Cobb’s wren, a small brown bird. Also of note is the black-browed albatross, recognizable by its striking black eyebrows.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Many birds spend the entire year on the islands, but early April is the best time for bird watching when birds start to migrate to warmer climates. That being said, with average annual temperatures of 42°F, those who don't like the cold may want to join them!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"What other wildlife can I see on the Falkland Islands?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The waters around the Falkland Islands are full of marine animals, including some of the ocean’s most magnificent creatures — dolphins and whales. Perhaps the best known and most exciting is the majestic, black-and-white orca. Although they are on the endangered species list, a number of them can still be seen in the area. Most sightings are made near Sea Lion Island (where you can also see, you guessed it, sea lions) in the early months of the year. So, \"Free Willy\" fans should aim to visit the islands in January.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Joining the orcas, there are plenty of whales: sperm whales, humpback whales, and even the massive blue whale have all been spotted in the area. Let's not forget the seals and sea lions that can be seen by lucky passengers as they cruise around the islands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Whatever month you choose to visit, you're bound to see some fantastic Falkland Islands animals, including penguins, dolphins, whales, seals, and birds. For fans of rare Antarctic animals, the islands are a must-visit destination.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Penguins, seals, and whales are just some animals that can be found on the Falkland Islands. With 219 native animal species and 175 plants, every visit is a chance to encounter an animal you've never seen before. Keep reading to find out more about these amazing creatures and the best time to visit.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"falkland-islands-animals","title":"The Fantastic Falkland Islands Animals","tags":[{"name":"Falkland Islands","id":"4wk5x9St8wHgsU8XXKz58I","slug":"falkland-islands","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Rich Wildlife","id":"2G29idklWtJuP9vmyRBOhm","slug":"rich-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seafaring History","id":"2QQboy8tjMLeXlABFKISj8","slug":"seafaring-history","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3Q4DjLqyLaKG1aDrbb1Ctf/d51971b7eb3da2f983daf357e93cd625/steamer-duck_carcass-island-falklandsoyene.jpg","imageAlt":"Steamer Duck, Carcass Island, Falklands. \nPhoto: Andreas Kalvig Anderson"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It caught international attention in 1973 when a volcanic eruption destroyed nearly half of the island's town, and reshaped the island into the form it has today. The island’s 4,000 residents saved their livelihoods by fighting the lava flow with seawater and diverting it away from the harbor. The eruption also increased the island’s size by 15 percent. Unsurprisingly, many of the most interesting things to do in Heimaey are related to this eruption, but there’s far more to the island than the events of January 23, 1973.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Visit the Eldfell Volcano","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The volcano that erupted in 1973 has become a tourist attraction in Heimaey. From its summit, you can see the whole island, including the additional square miles that were created by the eruption. The summit isn’t difficult to access, with a footpath leading to the 725-foot-high peak.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Check out the Eldheimar Museum","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Eldheimar Museum is mostly dedicated to the 1973 eruption, giving visitors a chance to find out exactly what happened. The prime exhibit is an excavated house, which was consumed by lava flow. In addition to the Eldfell eruption, there’s also information on a four-year-long eruption that began in 1963 and created the island of Surtsey. Now a natural property on the UNESCO World Heritage list, Surtsey is located close to Heimaey. Unfortunately, you can’t visit the island — only scientists are permitted entry to observe the progress of the ecosystems there.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Go hiking in Eldfellshraun","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The extra land created by the volcano’s explosion — referred to as Eldfellshraun — has a series of popular hiking trails. Now covered in vegetation, it blooms blue and purple in the summer. One of the key things to look for during hikes is Skansinn Fort. It was built in the 1400s, but many walls required rebuilding after the 1973 eruption.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Save a puffin","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Westman Islands are home to half of the estimated 8–10 million puffins that live and breed in Iceland, so they are easy to find. In August, the birds, including newborn chicks, leave the islands; many mistakenly fly into the town and risk being spotted by the local cats. Because of this, the children of Heimaey have made it their mission to rescue the puffins, with the town releasing hundreds of the birds at the end of every summer. So, not only can you see the birds, you can help save them, too.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Have a meal with a view","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are lots of great restaurants in Heimaey. For a meal with a view, head to the harbor. There are lots of places to choose from, and, being within a few minutes of the ferry port, it’s a convenient spot for an Icelandic meal whether you are arriving or leaving. Be sure to try some seafood dishes, or the traditional Icelandic stew known as plokkfiskur.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It will never be far from your mind that modern Heimaey has largely been defined by a volcanic eruption. What the volcano created is remarkable, but how the people dealt with it is what makes this island truly special.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Heimaey is the biggest island off the coast of Iceland and part of the Westman Island Archipelago, located around eight miles from the mainland’s southwestern coast.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"heimaey-things-to-do","title":"Five Things to Do in Heimaey","tags":[{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reykjavík","id":"4vT1z0IuQpvyyzbihJtL8G","slug":"reykjavik","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3M0tBcbZszYlyRPOMY7Afe/8492fb12abced4f00a68ba0d3367f662/heimaey-island-iceland-lava-rock-hgr-114226-gorodisskij.jpg","imageAlt":"Heimaey Island, Iceland.\nPhoto: Gorodisskij"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although geysers are a worldwide phenomenon, the English word actually originates from the Icelandic language and literally means “to gush.” Iceland has some of the most prolific geyser activity in the world, and, teamed with its naturally beautiful backdrops, Strokkur Geyser is hard to beat.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"What’s a geyser?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Geysers are a rare geological feature present in only a few locations around the world. Iceland, known for its hydrogeological activity, is lucky enough to have many examples of this beautiful natural phenomenon.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The magic of a geyser is created when surface water is heated by bubbling magma that lies beneath the earth’s surface. The boiling water becomes highly pressurized and is forced toward the surface through porous rock, where it erupts with magnificent results. The water below Strokkur Geyser’s surface reaches around 250°F before rising to the surface and shooting skyward.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A short history of Strokkur Geyser","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Despite Iceland's long history of volcanic activity, the first known eruption of Strokkur Geyser wasn't until 1789. Older records, however, can be unreliable, and it's almost certain that Strokkur was also active in the more distant, undocumented past. A gargantuan earthquake in the 1780s is suspected of having cleared the conduits of the geyser below the surface, allowing water to flow freely and visitors to behold this naturally occurring sight more regularly.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Through the nineteenth century, Strokkur Geyser erupted frequently and with magnificent force, reaching up to 196 feet high. A huge earthquake at the turn of the twentieth century once again blocked the water channels, and the geyser was dormant until humans intervened in 1963. On the scientific community’s advice, the local government manually unblocked the geyser, and it's been happily erupting every five to ten minutes since, delighting locals and tourists alike.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How often does Strokkur erupt?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The geyser’s regular eruption means that visitors are never disappointed. When it erupts, the geyser provides quite the spectacle for those who journeyed to this impressive part of the world.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although the spurts look very impressive, the volume of water less than you might think. The geyser expels round 2.6 quarts per second — just a fraction compared to other geysers in Iceland and around the world. The water is propelled from below the earth's surface at roughly 37 miles per hour, and it's this speed, rather than the volume, that creates the illusion of a powerful water jet.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Having delighted visitors for decades, Iceland's most renowned geyser shows no signs of slowing down. These regular eruptions are expected to continue for many years into the future.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Haukadalur Valley is home to many typical Icelandic geothermal features, including the magnificent Strokkur Geyser. Millions of visitors visit the geyser every year to see one of nature's most spectacular sights.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"strokkur-geyser","title":"Iceland’s Mesmerizing Strokkur Geyser","tags":[{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reykjavík","id":"4vT1z0IuQpvyyzbihJtL8G","slug":"reykjavik","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/4D21GhobyMZAyEF3eTg6SW/9502a3ac6afd629cbf97e18b7dda74ce/strokkur-geyser-haukadalur-iceland-geysir-island-hgr-114233-natalia-kabliuk.jpg","imageAlt":"Strokkur Geyser, Haukadalur, Iceland"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As one of the country's most popular tourist attractions, the area is also a hub of natural beauty and great geological importance. Thingvellir Park rests right along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates meet — a true confluence of continents.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A short history of Thingvellir National Park","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This area of outstanding natural beauty was named Iceland’s first national park in 1928, starting a wonderful trend of nature preservation that remains in place today.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Thingvellir, which literally means \"parliament plains,\" played a crucial role in the country’s social and political development. Iceland's first parliament met here in AD 930, and the spot remained in use until 1798, making it a point of great importance for locals and those interested in Iceland’s cultural history.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Diving in Thingvellir Park","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The incredible clarity of the pristine waters, with visibility of up to 260 feet, makes diving and snorkeling in the Silfra and Davíðsgjá fissures one of the top activities in the park. These two underwater canyons were formed by movements of the tectonic plates; the opportunity to explore a gap between two geological continents makes diving here a thrilling experience for underwater adventurers.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The water temperature is a chilly 35–43°F, and, despite shallow entry points, the canyons plummet to a depth of 207 feet at their deepest points. To reach these depths, special training is required; most amateur divers cannot descend to more than 60 feet below the surface.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Hiking and horseback riding in Thingvellir Park","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The stunning landscapes that surround the plains are an excellent setting for a brisk hike through the rugged terrain of Iceland's countryside. Well-traversed hiking routes wend their way among the now-abandoned farms of Hrauntún, Skógarkot, and Vatnskot , where walkers can get a glimpse of the past while enjoying the gorgeous vistas of this historical region.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wildlife in Thingvellir Park","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The area’s unique geography makes the park a wonderful natural habitat for animals and fish. Brown trout, Arctic char, and the three-spined stickleback have lived in Lake Thingvellir since the last Ice Age. Birch woodlands dominate the landscapes around the lake and, along with other plant species such as dwarf birch and heath, transform the area into a rich hue of browns and golds during the autumn months — a spectacular time to visit.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More than fifty species of wild birds are known to live on the shores surrounding the lake. The great northern diver originates in North America, and Iceland is the only place you'll find these birds in Europe.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Brought to Iceland in the 1930s for their fur, several minks quickly escaped their cages and established a thriving population along Lake Thingvellir’s shores.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Thingvellir Park is a true delight for ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/stories/wildlife-in-iceland"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"nature lovers","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", with its stunning geological quirks and its range of outdoor pursuits. The park's proximity to the capital also makes it one of Iceland's most accessible natural spots, thereby securing its place on the much-revered Golden Circle.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Thingvellir National Park is located just 28 miles northeast of Reykjavik along Iceland’s popular Golden Circle route.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"what-to-see-in-thingvellir-national-park","title":"What to See in Thingvellir National Park","tags":[{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reykjavík","id":"4vT1z0IuQpvyyzbihJtL8G","slug":"reykjavik","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/2B0ItEPvi5nyOQ5Ds30Omc/f4cdd3e7a67e6decd2da474c2e088625/silfra-fissure-thingvellir-national-park-iceland-iiottoey.jpg","imageAlt":"Silfra fissure, Thingvellir National Park, iiottoey, Iceland"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Regularly fluctuating in size due to ice melt, the lake recently became the deepest in","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Iceland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", measuring an astonishing 815 feet at its deepest point . Considered one of Iceland's natural wonders, the lake has grown a staggering four times bigger since the 1970s, as the ice from the surrounding glacier continues to melt.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How was Jokulsarlon Lagoon formed?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Just seventy years ago, this part of Iceland had a well-defined shoreline. Visitors coming to enjoy the area's natural beauty would have seen nothing more than an immense glacier next to the Atlantic Ocean. Indeed, the area’s temperatures actually progressively dropped from 1600 to 1900, causing the glacier to grow. When the temperatures started to rise in the early twentieth century, however, warmer air caused the glacier to melt, creating this lagoon.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"These days, huge icebergs regularly break away from the glacier and drift into the lagoon before eventually floating out to sea. The icebergs that break away from the mainland can be up to 330 feet high, although they naturally shrink as they pass through the river mouth. The icebergs floating on still waters are either icy blue or milky white, depending on how much air is trapped inside. Jokulsarlon Lagoon is Iceland's lowest point, sitting at 650 feet below sea level, and it sprawls across 9.6 square miles.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wildlife and Hollywood stars","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Seals can often be spotted perched atop icebergs as they drift away from the glacier toward the river mouth. Summer sees migratory birds flock in the area, and during the long, bright days you can often spot Arctic terns swooping down over the lagoon. Given the glacier's perennial beauty, it's no surprise that it's been used as a location for numerous Hollywood movies. \"Batman Begins,\" \"Lara Croft,\" and the James Bond films \"A View to a Kill\" and \"Die Another Day\" all featured breathtaking views of Jokulsarlon Lagoon. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Beaches and caves","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"An impressive feature of the lagoon is the magnificent array of caves hidden under the ice surface. When water from the lagoon flows into the glacier, tunnels are carved out, and, over time, utterly captivating iridescent caves are formed. Exploration of the caves is only possible during the cold winter months, as in summer the surrounding ice can melt, and the caves are at risk of spontaneous collapse.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland is known as an area of great","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" volcanic activity","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", and the beach where Jokulsarlon Lagoon meets the sea is adorned with volcanic sand. Known as Diamond Beach, the black beach is peppered with small icebergs that glisten in the sun like precious stones.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientists believe that Vatnajökull glacier will continue to retreat and a large fjord will be formed in its place, but for now, visitors to the area are still able to take in fresh air, outstanding views, and an ever-evolving landscape.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Literally meaning glacial river lagoon, Jokulsarlon Lagoon is an enormous glacial lake situated in Iceland’s southeastern corner.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"jokulsarlon-lagoon","title":"The Icy Splendor of Jokulsarlon Lagoon","tags":[{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reykjavík","id":"4vT1z0IuQpvyyzbihJtL8G","slug":"reykjavik","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/7xRSKlSwdUctu6ar9Xupc4/4cfe1d9ea6cd391626360d1c58c0452d/jokulsarlon-iceland-hgr-48887-lisa-anderson-theme-media.jpg","imageAlt":"Jokulsarlon, Iceland.\nPhoto: Lisa Anderson/Theme Media"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Snæfellsjökull National Park","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Of ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"’s three national parks, Snæfellsjökull National Park is the only one with a coastline. It's also mostly made up of an active volcano, giving it a wide variety of terrains, including black volcanic rock beaches, mysterious caves, and green grassland. Then there's the glacier atop the volcano, offering a patch of brilliant white among the green and black — although in 2012, the area was recorded as snow free for the first time.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Landmarks in Snæfellsnes","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Snæfellsjökull National Park is named after the glacier atop Snæfellsnes’s volcano. Despite being Iceland’s smallest glacier, its petite size packs in lots of beauty. Jules Verne’s classic novel \"Journey to the Center of the Earth\" is set there, and in real life, it does feel like something out of science fiction. This white expanse is surrounded by black beaches and waterfalls, making it feel like an alien world.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Those who want to journey to the center of the earth should head for the Vatnshellir Cave. Accessed via an ancient lava tube with the word \"undirheimar\" (underworld) written on it, visitors are led by guides 115 feet underground, then down a spiral staircase to an even deeper underground cave. Among the sights in this lava cave are impressive stalactites, metal deposits in various bright colors, plus the skeletons of animals that had the misfortune of getting trapped in the cave over the years!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Beaches in Snæfellsnes","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As well as the abovementioned black beaches, Skarðsvík is unique for the Snæfellsnes Peninsula because of its golden-sand beach. Those looking for an authentic Icelandic experience may want to visit this beach first, as these white sands are much preferred by the locals, who can be seen eating, swimming, and even sunbathing on the hottest Icelandic days, when temperatures can reach 77°F.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"That said, the black volcanic beaches are an absolute must-see for any tourist, so don’t go home without feeling the black sand between your toes!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Local activities in Snæfellsnes","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Obviously, with so much magnificent nature to see, hiking and walking are hugely popular pastimes in the area, as is climbing the various mountains and glacial peaks. All these exercises, however, are tiring work, and there’s nothing better after a long day than a long, hot soak. Luckily, the peninsula will deliver, thanks to the natural hot spring at Landbrotalaug. Despite being rather small — at best accommodating two to three people — and relatively difficult to find, it is a hidden delight that will provide the perfect end to a long day of sightseeing at the peninsula.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For those looking for more during those long walks, the area is also fantastic for bird watching and amateur archaeology. The cliffs are a great place to see nesting birds, and the area is home to a number of relics that represent a thousand years of Icelandic history.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Located in western Iceland, Snæfellsnes (pronounced SNAIY-fell-SNES) and the Snæfellsnes Peninsula are often called \"miniature Iceland\" because they feature everything that makes Iceland worth visiting. With stunning landscapes and hidden spots to explore, give this volcanic region a visit after reading about its best features.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"things-to-do-in-snafellsnes","title":"Things to Do in Snæfellsnes","tags":[{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reykjavík","id":"4vT1z0IuQpvyyzbihJtL8G","slug":"reykjavik","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/7goSRb2Yy4Y4QYjyNr9jhw/2d598501f941f23ada62af94a2ff422b/snaefellsnes-island-hgr-113810--esther-kokmeijer.jpg","imageAlt":"Snaefellsnes, Island. \nPhoto: Esther Kokmeijer"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Tucked away in the country’s southwestern corner, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"’s charming capital is home to most of the island’s population and nearly all its man-made attractions. Though small, the city’s popularity has exploded in recent years, with millions of tourists flocking to enjoy Reykjavik's unquestionably unique architecture, cuisine, culture, and nature.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Things to do in Reykjavik","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The city’s main axis runs from the dramatic waterfront to the magnificent Hallgrímskirkj Church. Iconic and unique to Reykjavik, the church dominates the skyline, standing proudly in the city center since 1986. Take a stroll down the streets from this impressive building; you'll be inspired by an array of colorful houses and shopfronts painted in bright hues, highlighting Iceland's individualism.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Harpa Concert Hall is a stunning glass structure perched on the edge of the shore and the country’s premier cultural epicenter. From classical music concerts to contemporary art and jazz, Harpa’s eclectic schedule has something for every artistic whim, and the national symphony orchestra plays here on a regular basis. Even if you don’t have time for a performance, it’s worth a visit just to witness this architectural marvel.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Eating out in Reykjavik can be notoriously pricey. Luckily, many of the city’s most famous and must-try dishes can be had inexpensively. Head to the old harbor and tuck into some freshly caught fish and chips. If you want a meal with a little more history and gravitas, then Bæjarins Beztu Pylsur, meaning \"the best hot dog in town,\" is popular with locals; even former US president Bill Clinton raved about the hot dogs served here on a diplomatic visit to the capital.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The shopping scene in Reykjavik is like that of no other city. Despite the country’s highly developed economy, you won’t find any recognizable international chains here. Instead, you'll discover an array of local Icelandic brands and designers who favor quality and bespoke pieces over mass production. A few select brands and shops to look out for include Gust, Kultur Menn, and Eva. The locals’ love of vintage is obvious; to pick up a vintage trinket or some secondhand clothes, head down to the Kolaportid Flea Market situated near the harbor on the city’s dramatic waterfront.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Take the waters","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland's geographical location makes it a hotbed of geothermal activity, which is put to excellent use in the city’s swimming pools. The most popular example is Sundhöll Reykjavíkur, nestled just behind the church. Rain or shine, relaxing in the naturally heated water is simply delightful. Other notable pools include Vesturbæjarlaug, an outdoor geothermal pool, and Laugardalslaug, the largest pool in the city, located close to a sculpture museum, zoo, and botanical gardens.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With everything from iconic architecture to natural springs, activities and sightseeing opportunities are abundant in Reykjavik. Even with limited time, the sights’ close proximity makes seeing the top attractions a stress-free experience in the world's northernmost capital.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Meaning \"Smoky Bay\" in Icelandic, Reykjavik has a population of just 200,000. While that means that it just about qualifies as a city, you won’t be short on fantastic things to do in Reykjavik — even on a tight schedule.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"reykjavik-half-day-tour","title":"Half Day in Reykjavik: Things to Do in Iceland’s Capital","tags":[{"name":"Land of Magic \u0026 Ice","id":"JraQI3atz23u3oFM1c3GV","slug":"land-of-magic--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reykjavík","id":"4vT1z0IuQpvyyzbihJtL8G","slug":"reykjavik","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/4jW1hJCzSHlgs4wpu7ng4c/8947200626925bf5371cc60ea84b1e58/reykavik-port-iceland-hgr-45600-les-kelly--theme-media.jpg","imageAlt":"Reykavik Port, Iceland\nPhoto: Les Kelly/Theme Media"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"National Museum of Iceland\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Perhaps the most important of the must-see museums in Reykjavik, the National Museum of Iceland has three floors containing thousands of items that tell the country’s entire history, from Viking-era sailing boats to modern airport designs.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Located next to a university campus, the museum features 2,000 objects, including suits of armor, ancient swords, and even an entire small nineteenth-century house. Plus, it houses Iceland’s largest photography collection, with 1,000 photographs from the twentieth century. It was even once home to the last surviving McDonald’s hamburger sold in Reykjavik.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Reykjavik Art Museum","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although it's called the Reykjavik Art Museum, this is actually a series of three interrelated museums. Hafnarhus, on Tryggvagata Street, combines contemporary art from around the world with a large collection of work by Icelandic pop artist Erró in an old harbor warehouse.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Kjarvalsstaðir, meanwhile, houses the works of perhaps the most famous Icelandic artist, Jóhannes Kjarval. Alongside these pieces is a modern art collection inside a modernist building on Flókagata Street — which many consider a work of art in itself.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Speaking of beautiful buildings, the Ásmundarsafn is one of Reykjavik’s best. It was named after sculptor Ásmundur Sveinsson, whose work is displayed inside and outside the striking, domed structure on Sigtún Street.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Reykjavík 871±2","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This museum's weird name makes it sound like a pretentious art gallery, but, in reality, Reykjavik 871±2 is an innovative museum celebrating the so-called Settlement Age, when the first Icelanders came to the country.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The museum gets its name from the ruins of the hall at the center of the exhibition, which has been dated AD 871 plus or minus two years. It explores leading academic theories on what heritage sites such as this might tell us about life in Reykjavik centuries ago.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Icelandic Phallological Museum","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Maybe not for everyone, but the world’s biggest natural phalli museum is certainly unlike any other Reykjavik museums.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The museum is home to more than 200 full and partial penises, including shockingly large whale genitals (a collection affectionately labelled \"Moby Dick\"), polar bear organs, and even a human specimen.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Saga Museum","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Icelandic sagas are to Iceland what Shakespeare’s plays are to England — literature so iconic that it's a part of the national psyche. This connection with the sagas is celebrated at one of the best museums in Reykjavik, found on Grandagardi Street, where figures from the sagas and chronicles are brought to life using incredibly detailed models and replicas.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This is, however, only a small sampling of the museums on offer in the Icelandic capital. Wander through the city and encounter other attractions such as Volcano House, the Reykjavik Maritime Museum, or the museum-wide tribute to the \"Whales of Iceland.\" All these and more are available for adventure-seeking tourists, so be sure to pack comfortable shoes.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For a relatively small city, Reykjavik is full of culture and history, celebrated in its excellent museums. Picking the best museums in the city isn't easy, but if you’re pressed for time, these five should be your top priority. Below are the top five museums in Reykjavik.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"reykjavik-museums","title":"Top Five Reykjavik Museums","tags":[{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reykjavík","id":"4vT1z0IuQpvyyzbihJtL8G","slug":"reykjavik","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/7bRUrFfLK8vI9eIlk9ZAZi/738c318dc7b17d350b00730ed0dbbf5d/reykjavik-iceland_karsten-bidstrup.jpg","imageAlt":"Reykjavik, Iceland. \nPhoto: Karsten Bidstrup"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Akureyri is ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"’s unofficial northern capital and the country's second-largest city. You might wonder why it’s considered a city with a population of just 18,000, but there are so many things to do in Akureyri that this distinction is more than justified. What are the best activities in this small metropolis?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Whale watching","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Akureyri is located near the top of the longest fjord in Iceland, Eyjafjörður. This has economic significance, as it functions as the country’s major port. Fishing is traditionally the main industry, with two of the country’s five biggest fisheries based in Akureyri.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In recent years, tourism has become more important, and the fjord plays a key role. It offers visitors on cruise ships easy access to the town, and it also plays host to marine mammals. Bottlenose, minke and even humpback whales can be spotted, sometimes right in front of the city.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Diving to a hydrothermal chimney","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It doesn’t happen often, but the chance to see the world’s biggest mammals might be overshadowed by something else in Eyjafjörður. Hydrothermal vents are created when seawater seeps through breaks in the ocean floor, through the earth’s crust. The seawater then comes back to the surface through vents, having been geothermally heated.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This phenomenon is exceptionally rare, with most of the world’s hydrothermal vents found thousands of feet underwater. The tip of the Strytan hydrothermal vent, however, is just 50 feet below Eyjafjörður’s surface. It’s the only such vent in the world that’s shallow enough to be reached by scuba divers, making for a truly unique thing to do in Akureyri.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Hiking around the top of a volcano","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"About a one-and-a-half-hour drive from Akureyri, you’ll find Hverfjall volcano. It erupted 2,800–2,900 years ago, leaving behind a giant crater about two-thirds of a mile in diameter. The crater’s circumference is now a popular hiking trail, with views into the 450-foot-deep hole on one side and vistas of Lake Mývatn and surrounding mountains on the other.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Visiting Lake Mývatn","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"After having fun at the volcano, you could head to the nearby Lake Mývatn, which was also formed by a volcanic eruption. The lake is famous for ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"bird watching","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", with more duck species being seen there than anywhere else in the world.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Enjoying some skiing","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Akureyri is just three miles from one of Iceland’s best ski resorts, Hlíðarfjall. The slopes at the resort extend as high as nearly a mile above sea level, giving you not only an excellent descent but a prime view of the Eyjafjörður fjord. Skiing is available for up to 180 days per year.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Enjoying a local delicacy","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Perhaps the most famous — and indulgent — local delicacy is the akureyringur. Putting chips in your sandwich might not sound like the most creative idea, so perhaps it’s the mixture of mayonnaise and ketchup, known as kokteilsósa, that makes it so popular.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Fine dining","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For a fine dining experience, you can enjoy a delicious local meal with a view of the fjord. There are a few restaurants to choose from, but while you’re in Akureyri be sure to try some local cuisine.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are plenty of other things to do and see around Akureyri, like visiting the magnificent cathedral that dominates the skyline, the Akureyri Art Museum, the Hof Cultural Center, and the botanical gardens. For a city this small, there's a lot going on.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"akureyri-things-to-do","title":"Seven Things to Do in Akureyri","tags":[{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Flora","id":"6iD1xV4Y3VGDY2KP5niBBY","slug":"arctic-flora","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reykjavík","id":"4vT1z0IuQpvyyzbihJtL8G","slug":"reykjavik","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Nature walks*","id":"WLqeUkGQ8rc62qTo1mFmS","slug":"nature-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/1Y8YPyT0gmXLGDurFwoRDH/7e9c1a267b88ce4ecc6b4d60df61869b/humpback-whale-iceland-hgr-115656-karsten-bidstrup.jpg","imageAlt":"Humpback Whale, Iceland. \nPhoto: Karsten Bidstrup"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Volcanoes","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Costa Rica is a land of volcanoes, with more than 200 volcanic formations in the country. Most are located in the northern and central highlands. Of these, five are active: Arenal, Poás, Rincón de la Vieja, and Irazú.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"To see a volcano erupt in spectacular (but relatively safe) fashion, head to Arenal. This 7,000-year-old volcano regularly has lava flowing down its sides and plumes of ash coming from its crater.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Irazú and Poás both have beautiful lakes in their craters. Although you wouldn’t want to swim inside, as the lake at Poás is filled with boiling acid.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Beaches","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If you fancy a dip, Costa Rica’s two coastlines offer lots of picture-perfect locations. The most popular are Playa Flamingo and Tamarindo — both of which offer plenty of opportunities for water sports and, of course, sunbathing.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For something off the beaten track, there’s Playa Conchal. Although it’s just north of Tamarindo, this beach is much quieter.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"These beaches are great for local activities, with friendly residents ready to take you out on boat trips. They’re also good places to find tour guides for visiting various historical sites, taking volcano hikes, and more.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Other Landmarks","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"While Costa Rica’s beaches and volcanoes are pretty impressive, they’re not the only sites worth visiting. The country has plenty of other landmarks, both natural and manmade. There’s Diego de La Haya crater lake, for example, a lake that changes in color between green and red thanks to the minerals in it. Or Río Celeste Waterfall, which sometimes appears a glowing blue due to the effects of the sun's rays on the water.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"History fans will also be interested in the Isla del Cano spheres. These mysterious rocks were carved into balls at some point in the past, and nobody knows why.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wildlife in the Wild","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Though fairly small, Costa Rica is home to half a million different species — one in every twenty-five types of plants, insects, and animals in the world! As you might expect, this variety ensures that there's weird and wonderful wildlife in Costa Rica. Don’t be surprised if you come across cute capuchin monkeys, brightly colored frogs, and noisy toucans.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wildlife in Nature Reserves","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the country’s nature reserves, you can try to spot an ocelot. Although very rarely seen in the wild, this big-pawed wild cat is definitely one of Costa Rica’s highlights. Ocelots can be found at wildlife sanctuaries like the La Paz Waterfall Gardens Nature Park. If you like more curious-looking creatures, there are tapirs and three-toed sloths.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Another animal you can see in Costa Rica’s nature reserves is the crocodile. Costa Rica has some of the biggest crocodiles in the world, making the island a great destination for croc spotters everywhere.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As you will discover, Costa Rica offers plentiful options for whatever kind of vacation you’re looking to have — from relaxing to incredibly active. Make your way there for sun, sea, sights, and the trip of a lifetime!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When it comes to paradise-like locations, Costa Rica is one of our top picks. From beach breaks to volcano climbing to wildlife spotting, read on to discover some of Costa Rica's best highlights.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"costa-rica-highlights","title":"Costa Rica Highlights Not to be Missed","tags":[{"name":"Costa Rica","id":"6Cl6CMGhJGT2boOnjIDXfL","slug":"costa-rica","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"South America","id":"41JfPH2LFUxCHGWLN00Ai","slug":"south-america","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Rich Wildlife","id":"2G29idklWtJuP9vmyRBOhm","slug":"rich-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Coastal nature and wildlife","id":"6pEYTNcXta12KCG8ytiHZy","slug":"coastal-nature-and-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"White-sand Beaches","id":"7KDvNU8Oz5SHi1XTKU4d9i","slug":"white-sand-beaches","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanoes","id":"EMw8He0lhiQvOLS4QqnKE","slug":"volcanoes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3980chtuBsl6atN5PfwbG5/eb837541c20ca08c68b9c2e71844767a/costa-rica_manzanillo_shutterstock_294077225.jpg","imageAlt":"Manzanillo Beach, Costa Rica. \nPhoto: Shutterstock"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When it comes to things to do in Buenos Aires, there are many … maybe too many! But don’t worry, you can always come back another time!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Did you know many of our Antarctic expedition cruises begin or end in Buenos Aires? ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/cruises/?destinations=antarctica-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Explore Antarctica itineraries.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Headed to Buenos Aires and need a travel guide to plan your trip? The Argentine capital is buzzing with life and overflowing with culture. Knowing where to start can be daunting. Here are our top suggestions for the best things to do in Buenos Aires.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"best-of-buenos-aires","title":"The Best Things to Do in Buenos Aires","tags":[{"name":"South America","id":"41JfPH2LFUxCHGWLN00Ai","slug":"south-america","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fjords","id":"5Us4WaDaqVfnoLSXxKPgNi","slug":"fjords","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Landscapes","id":"dVrOFmJhKyrywuD81woVg","slug":"spectacular-landscapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Wildlife","id":"2jbiw7Z41iVF1bka9J5l1K","slug":"spectacular-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Marine Life","id":"1XtDRLHV3s6n6VTOXWl7l1","slug":"marine-life","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Coastal nature and wildlife","id":"6pEYTNcXta12KCG8ytiHZy","slug":"coastal-nature-and-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/fYvaFAjz07bci7SPCs9UH/2e28c62901fc9791730223596755b3aa/national-congress-building_buenos-aires_1200x600.jpg","imageAlt":"National Congress Building, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Here are our top five things to do in Ushuaia.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Experience the wildlife","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With average summer temperatures reaching 55°F, Ushuaia is more suited for hiking than sunbathing, but the beaches are perfect for a peaceful walk. The water is so clear that, even at ten feet deep, you can see fish darting among the rocks. The most exciting beaches in Ushuaia are on Isla Martillo, where thousands of gentoo and Magellanic penguins nest.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Take a cruise down the Beagle Channel","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Named after the British Royal Navy survey ship that charted the area, cruising down the Beagle Channel is among the top things to do in Ushuaia. Not only is it a great way to see local wildlife, like sea lions and seals, it’s also a chance to see Les Éclaireurs Lighthouse. Also known as the \"lighthouse at the end of the world,\" this local landmark is still in use today. Its distinctive red and white stripes against the rugged and mountainous backdrop make for an excellent photo opportunity.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Stop by a museum","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Despite its small size, Ushuaia has several museums. The Maritime and Prison Museum features two exhibitions housed in the old prison building. Built in 1902, much of the building's original architecture remains intact, and visitors can see the prison cells and get a feel for the conditions under which prisoners lived. The maritime section has expedition displays and scale models of ships.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"While it sounds apocalyptic, the End of the World Museum details both recent and ancient history. There’s a hall dedicated to the Duchess of Albany shipwreck and another to the region's indigenous peoples — the Yámana and Selk’nam — with artifacts dating back 8,000 years. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Get closer to nature","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Without a doubt, the best thing to do in Ushuaia is to take advantage of the bountiful outdoor activities, enhanced by the stunning coastal location and dramatic mountains encircling the city. Tierra del Fuego National Park, near Ushuaia, spans an incredible 155,700 acres of subantarctic forest. Here you’ll find snowcapped mountains, glaciers, and waterfalls. You can go for a peaceful walk around a lake or a guided tour to learn more about the wildlife and dramatic scenery. Skiing is popular in wintertime, or you could go scuba diving, where you might spot a king crab or leopard seal.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/stories/tierra-del-fuego-national-park"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Read more about Tierra del Fuego National Park","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Dine on king crab and traditional slow-cooked Fuegian lamb","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When you’re at the end of the world, don’t skimp on food. Grab a table overlooking the water for a king crab dinner. Or, if you’re after something low-key and local, it’s easy to find dishes that incorporate local seasonal berries, herbs, and algae.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With so many things to do in Ushuaia, your trip to the end of the world is sure to be a memorable one.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Did you know Ushuaia is a launch point for many of our Antarctica expedition cruises?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/expeditions/destinations/antarctica-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Explore our Antarctic itineraries.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Travel to the very edge of the world. Ushuaia, Argentina, is a small coastal city that’s often the stopping-off point for people en route to Antarctica or Tierra del Fuego National Park. However, the world’s southernmost city (at least according to the Argentineans) offers all kinds of adventures.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"ushuaia-things-to-do","title":"Top Five Things to Do in Ushuaia","tags":[{"name":"South America","id":"41JfPH2LFUxCHGWLN00Ai","slug":"south-america","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fjords","id":"5Us4WaDaqVfnoLSXxKPgNi","slug":"fjords","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Wildlife","id":"2jbiw7Z41iVF1bka9J5l1K","slug":"spectacular-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Landscapes","id":"dVrOFmJhKyrywuD81woVg","slug":"spectacular-landscapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Marine Life","id":"1XtDRLHV3s6n6VTOXWl7l1","slug":"marine-life","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Coastal nature and wildlife","id":"6pEYTNcXta12KCG8ytiHZy","slug":"coastal-nature-and-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Coastal Adventures","id":"iu5nywysZ4UPqOzWSllX8","slug":"coastal-adventures","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/3ZuVmjH4zO0Kx3JEjJCYXk/224110b430fd12ce1c025a28594f135a/ushuaia-argentina-hgr-86463-photo_photo_competition_jpg.jpg","imageAlt":"Ushuaia, Argentina. \nPhoto: Photo Competition"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Valdes Peninsula in Argentina brings together an extraordinary mix of marine and land animals, making it a ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/937"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"UNESCO World Heritage site","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Southern right whale","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It's difficult to name a headline attraction of the peninsula, but the southern right whale, which can weigh up to 47 tons, is certainly the biggest. The right whale was given its name because whalers considered it the easiest catch due to its slow swimming speed and the fact that it floats when dead, making it the \"right\" whale to hunt. As a result, this whale came close to extinction before becoming a protected species in 1937.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Killer whales (orcas)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"While not the biggest attraction in terms of body mass, orcas certainly put on a good show. A pod of about 25 killer whales is present in the region all year round, and they have been seen purposefully beaching themselves in order to catch their prey. The lead orca charges up onto the beach to grab its prey, before throwing it back to the rest of the pod. Only one other pod of orcas in the world has ever been seen to hunt this way.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Elephant seals","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The elephant seal was hunted to near extinction in the nineteenth century. Thankfully, numbers have since recovered, and it’s now listed as a species of \"least concern\" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Punta Norte on the Valdes Peninsula is the only elephant seal breeding ground located on the mainland of a continent and is the planet’s fourth-largest elephant seal colony.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Magellanic penguins","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Joining the seals on the peninsula’s beaches from September to April are Magellanic penguins. The colony is generally at its largest around November when you can see cute, fluffy baby penguins taking their first steps. They can be seen molting, during which they shed their feathers to replace them, a process that lasts until March or April.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Read more about the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"expeditions/stories/meet-the-penguins-of-antarctica"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"penguins of Antarctica","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Choique: The lesser rhea","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The choique is also known as Darwin’s rhea after the famous naturalist found the species, which he’d been searching for while exploring the region, on his dinner plate. This flightless bird has become a symbol of Patagonia. The local people use the choique’s body in numerous ways — for food, decoration, rope, and leather. As a result, the bird is understandably wary around humans.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The range of animals and birds witnessed on the Valdes Peninsula is so spectacular that dolphins, which can be seen from December to March, are rarely mentioned as anything other than a sidenote in articles describing the region’s wildlife.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Interested in wildlife? ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"expeditions/stories/wildlife-in-antarctica"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Read more about Antarctic animals.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Known in Spanish as the Península Valdés, this Patagonian nature reserve is the temporary home to migrating colonies of whales, penguins, and dolphins throughout the year. Meanwhile, on land, elephant seals, sea lions, and other native Patagonia species can be found all year round. In addition, an estimated 181 bird species can also be spotted in and around the peninsula.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-valdes-peninsula","title":"The Wildlife of the Valdes Peninsula","tags":[{"name":"South America","id":"41JfPH2LFUxCHGWLN00Ai","slug":"south-america","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Fjords","id":"5Us4WaDaqVfnoLSXxKPgNi","slug":"fjords","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Wildlife","id":"2jbiw7Z41iVF1bka9J5l1K","slug":"spectacular-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Spectacular Landscapes","id":"dVrOFmJhKyrywuD81woVg","slug":"spectacular-landscapes","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Penguins","id":"3kFURVrvkuujMFiNfmjJYj","slug":"penguins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Marine Life","id":"1XtDRLHV3s6n6VTOXWl7l1","slug":"marine-life","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Coastal nature and wildlife","id":"6pEYTNcXta12KCG8ytiHZy","slug":"coastal-nature-and-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/2l0P1gFV8JGIr7QN2XWNEQ/91cf5402e4f655128e504447d8937415/orca_cuverville-island_linda-drake.jpg","imageAlt":"Orcas, Cuverville Island. \nPhoto: Linda Drake"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How big is Godafoss Waterfall?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This waterfall is modest in height but impressively wide. Measuring 99 feet across , the water cascades into a picturesque lagoon. Despite being only 40 feet high, Godafoss's setting in the midst of an enchanting rocky green landscape makes it so appealing to locals and visitors alike. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The water that flows over Godafoss comes from the mighty Skjálfandafljót River, originating hundreds of miles away in the Icelandic Highlands, traversing giant swathes of countryside and finally reaching the Godafoss Waterfall. Running more than 534 miles across Iceland, it's the country's fourth-longest river. While Godafoss is the most famous waterfall to grace the mighty Skjálfandafljót River, there are many others along the way: Hrafnabjargafoss, Aldeyjarfoss, and Barnafoss can be found along the river's route before it reaches the Atlantic Ocean.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Getting to Godafoss Waterfall","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"To reach this storied waterfall, visitors can opt to join a tour, rent a car, or take public transportation. Godafoss lies just off Iceland's Route 1, nestled between the towns of Myvatn and Akureyri. Once you've arrived in the nearby town, buses 62 and 62A will take you to the waterfall, and all that's left to do is enjoy one of the country's most magnificent sights. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For those traveling on one of our ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"expeditions/destinations/iceland-cruises"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland expedition cruises","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", you may have the opportunity to visit as one of our many ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"expeditions/enhance-your-cruise"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"excursions","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The myth of Godafoss Waterfall","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Over a thousand years ago, Christianity was declared the official religion of Iceland, and Norse paganism was overthrown. Legend has it that Þorgeir Ljósvetningagoði, the country's highest-ranking and most notable lawspeaker at the time, threw his Norse statues into the waterfall to mark the occasion. While there's no official documentation chronicling this event, it remains a popular Icelandic legend. Either way, the waterfall is an important landmark in Iceland's history and serves as a symbolic (if not official) marker of the end of paganism.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Other Icelandic waterfalls","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Despite the popularity and beauty of Godafoss, numerous other waterfalls compete for the title of most famous waterfall in Iceland. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In Skaftafell Nature Reserve lies the mighty Svartifoss. Meaning \"black waterfall,\" it's named after the color of the dark basalt rock cliff face over which glistening white water falls. This waterfall inspired the design of the iconic Hallgrímskirkja Church, one of Reykjavik's most famous attractions. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At Skógafoss, located in southern Iceland, water cascades from an impressive height of 197 feet , making it one of the country's tallest and most dramatic waterfalls. One of the most mesmerizing features of Skógafoss is the spray generated when the water tumbles over the cliff. As the sunlight interacts with the plumes of spray, a single or double rainbow may appear amid the water — a spectacular sight to behold.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland isn't short of impressive geological features, but among the many mountains, waterfalls, rivers, and hot springs, Godafoss is certainly one to experience for yourself.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are more than 10,000 waterfalls in Iceland due to the number of glaciers and the amount of rain and snow the country receives each year. One of the most impressive is the Godafoss Waterfall. Godafoss translates as \"the waterfall of the gods\". It may not be the country's largest, highest, or oldest waterfall, but its crystal blue hues and legends make it one of the most famous.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"the-godafoss-waterfall","title":"The Godafoss Waterfall","tags":[{"name":"Iceland","id":"mr8grWTChzAW2i9YDDKrK","slug":"iceland","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Icelandic Horse","id":"7oGtRNEJ7bQxkZA8DHli8X","slug":"icelandic-horse","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Viking Heritage \u0026 Mythology","id":"7veqbdee7eWcFUyFxfnjzM","slug":"viking-heritage--mythology","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Land of Magic \u0026 Ice","id":"JraQI3atz23u3oFM1c3GV","slug":"land-of-magic--ice","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Hot Springs","id":"23FKr34FLcpOXq2JVqbJA7","slug":"hot-springs","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Reykjavík","id":"4vT1z0IuQpvyyzbihJtL8G","slug":"reykjavik","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seismic Landscape","id":"1OdqV3g9399JDn0aumfkbn","slug":"seismic-landscape","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Black Volcanic Rocks","id":"4prVAUdXrULjOBj2Sn0FzR","slug":"black-volcanic-rocks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Town \u0026 City Walks","id":"6PQtzxQK4bpC9EsKplgjly","slug":"town--city-walks","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"City Tours","id":"7LbLpEDSv4Wdv5GqUsbToV","slug":"city-tours","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Visiting local communities","id":"5REBf6VkqbvrrBKDZTw8m5","slug":"visiting-local-communities","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/5PS9KNp5sFWfgdV3MbtqAu/e697c98d1d185f67398e32b40bfe56fc/godafoss-waterfalls-iceland-hgr-45936-lisa-anderson-thememedia.jpg","imageAlt":"godafoss-waterfalls-iceland-hgr-45936-lisa-anderson-thememedia"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"From dry and rocky to green and soggy","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Canary Island archipelago sits in the Atlantic Ocean around 60 miles from continental Africa at its closest point. With seven main islands and numerous islets the grouping sits just outside the tropics on the Gulf Stream, which brings cooler water from the north and creates a rich feeding ground for marine life. Having been formed by volcanic activity, altitude varies widely throughout the islands allowing for a range of ecosystems harbouring a plethora of biodiversity.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Over 250 miles to the north of the Canaries lies the Portuguese island of Madeira, along with its much smaller and very different companion Porto Santo, and a number of uninhabited islets. As part of an archipelago, Madeira is the protruding part of a huge shield volcano and is characterised by its lush woodlands, being especially known for its laurisilva evergreen forests which are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More than canaries","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Canary Islands are home to numerous and varied bird species and draw in twitchers from all over the world. Endemic species found here include the Laurel Forest Pigeon, the Tenerife Blue Chaffinch and the Houbara Bustard. Of course, there’s also the eponymous Atlantic Canary, which is yellow-green in colour and is actually named after the islands, rather than the other way round.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Birdlife is also prolific on Madeira, with the lush mantle of forest cover found in the north of the island providing habitat for numerous species. This includes the endemic Madeira Firecrest, which builds its nests from cobwebs and moss and lives mainly at altitudes of over 2000 ft. A bit lower down, in burrows on grassy ledges, lives the endangered Zino’s Petrel, the numbers of which are now beginning to recover following sustained conservation efforts.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Seas rich in life","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The waters around the Macaronesian islands – which include Madeira and the Canaries – are high in biodiversity partly due to the Gulf Stream current. The cooler waters foster abundant zooplankton and phytoplankton production, which in turn provides the basis for a food chain that includes many species of shark, ray and turtle. Cetaceans can also be spotted in the seas around the islands, with short-finned pilot whales most common around the Canaries, while sperm whales are often seen around Madeira.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Biological treasure islands","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The diversity of ecological niches has led to a profusion of lifeforms, many of them endemic. Numerous lizards can be found throughout the islands, including the Gran Canaria giant lizard – gallotia stehlini – which can live at varied altitudes ranging between sea level up to the rocky heights. Several other reptiles and frogs can be found thriving here, as well as various skinks and geckos, adding to the islands’ impressive level of biodiversity.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Busting some moves with the Canaries’ largest endemic bird","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The more arid islands, such as Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, are where the Houbara Bustard can be found. Feeding on seeds, insects and small lizards, the Canaries’ largest endemic bird is known for its flamboyant mating dance. The male’s white crown feathers splay out wildly, giving it the appearance of a feather duster, and it jerks its head rapidly back and forth. At the same time, it rushes about in straight lines or circles in an attempt to impress nearby females.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Lady pods","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Short-finned pilot whales are members of the oceanic dolphin family – which also includes orcas – and live in pods of up to 100 individuals. It’s been observed that groups around Tenerife are matriarchal, led by a ‘senior’ female individual. These matrilineal pods are usually a mother and her offspring, along with various other related females such as cousins, and contain between 10 and 30 members. Males, on the other hand, are more independent, and go from pod-to-pod pursuing mating opportunities.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Evolution in action","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Galapagos Islands may have Darwin’s famous finches, but the Canary Islands have their own version to demonstrate natural selection. On each of the islands can be found the African Blue Tit, and in each case these small yellow and blue birds have slightly different colourations and a subtly different song. Scientists hypothesise the evolution of these biometrical differences has been driven by local environmental factors – a process known as speciation.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The unique evolution of life in the Canary Islands and Madeira has created an exciting wildlife destination for an expedition cruise. From arid landscapes and looming jagged peaks to mist soaked forests and sandy shores, ecological niches abound making these islands the ideal home for all sorts of birds, lizards, bats and marine life.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-the-canary-islands-and-madeira","title":"Wildlife in The Canary Islands \u0026 Madeira","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Dolphins","id":"jSQ9xxGcBzavAljh4O3OU","slug":"dolphins","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seabirds","id":"791HrwaStjNoA1ZpOMMxH6","slug":"seabirds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/6ZyCF03sI17ruvcifTvylG/6bf47dd98f345e961ea0e59f0d150621/Canary-Islands-Spain-HGR-149341_1920-_Photo_Shutterstock.jpg","imageAlt":"Canary Islands, Spain"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland’s seismic terrain of ash-dusted volcanic peaks, majestic glaciers and mountain ranges also features an abundance of marine mammals and birds. Considered one of the best destinations in Europe to watch whales, Iceland harbours some of the world’s largest bird populations in the summer months. Read on to discover the wildlife prospering in the land of ice and fire.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"‘Sea parrots’ of the Atlantic","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"During the summer months, Iceland provides sanctuary to 60% of the world’s Atlantic Puffin population. That’s anything between 8 - 10 million Puffins perched on Iceland’s craggy rocks and cliffsides. Their penguin-like coats, colourful beaks and oh-so-adorable ambling gait have made them the signature Icelandic bird for many. Nicknamed “Clowns of the Sea” or “Sea Parrots”, Icelanders simply call them Lundi.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are plenty of places to see puffins in Iceland. Heimaey, the largest of the Westmann islands, provides a habitat for countless birds including puffins. The coastal cliffs of Bakkagerdi and northerly Grimsey also have large puffin colonies. Here you’ll be able to see these delightful birds splash, waddle, flap and tumble in their natural habitat. Heaven!","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland’s profitable bird","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Incredibly light, warm and luxurious, eiderdown products are the indulgence of choice for the global super-rich. Common Eiders are a protected species that have been ‘farmed’ for centuries on the island. That is, farmers provide them with nesting boxes all around Iceland’s coast. In return, the birds leave their valuable down when they abandon their nests in the summer. You’ll see them everywhere along the coast, and despite being sea ducks, even in the lake in the middle of Reykjavik.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The exquisite properties of eiderdown","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When scrutinised under a microscope, eiderdown reveals the secrets that have made it the most valuable down on the planet. In contrast to a feather’s neatly arranged barbs stemming from a solid shaft, eiderdown’s soft fibres branch out randomly from a single point, twisting around each other. Each fibre has small hooks which allow the down to cling to itself, trapping air and heat, leading to extraordinary insulation. Wealthy Vikings of old would stuff their bedding with it; not much has changed since.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How Razorbills avoid throwing a strop","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A group of Razorbills is collectively known as a ‘strop.’ How does this robust Atlantic seabird  avoid actually losing its temper with fellow seabirds? One way is by not fighting for food. Razorbills, guillemots and puffins do not compete directly with each other for fish. A time old arrangement sees guillemots catching large fish, puffins catching small fish and Razorbills gunning for everything else in between.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Whale, hello there","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Despite humpback whales getting all the attention because of their playful antics, minke whales are the most common whale species you may see on Iceland’s coastline. The smallest of the “great whales,” they have slender, streamlined bodies, making them fast, capable swimmers. Minkes can be curious creatures and are known for approaching ships, even keeping pace with moving vessels at times. \r\nYou’ll have opportunities to spot various whale species all around Iceland’s coast. Husavik, however, has been dubbed ‘Iceland’s Whale Capital.’ The Skjálfandi Bay, which Husavik looks over, has a thriving ecosystem leading to bountiful masses of zooplankton and, inevitably, whales. The sheltered location of Eyjafjörður Fjord also provides excellent whale spotting possibilities. Keep your eyes peeled for them when we sail to Akureyri, Iceland’s ‘northern capital’.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The humpback whale’s unique flipper","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How do humpbacks turn and dive with such agility while being bigger and heavier than a bus? It’s all in the flippers. Unlike most whales, which have flippers with smooth leading edges, humpbacks have uniquely large bumps on theirs. These create turbulence that provides added lift and reduced drag at high angles, giving these giant creatures surprising agility. Engineers are borrowing this concept to modify water turbines, windmills and boat rudders.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Spot the difference","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The harbour seal is the more common of the two seal species that pup in Iceland. How can you tell them apart from grey seals? Well, harbour seals have V-shaped nostrils and are noticeably smaller than their grey cousins, who can weigh up to 300kg. They can be hard to spot, but you might catch glimpses of them around Reykjavik’s coast, the Snæfellsnes peninsula and Eyjafjörður, Iceland’s longest fjord.\r","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"teaser":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Iceland’s long summer days, mineral-rich waters and fertile coastal cliffs attract a wonderful mix of sea mammals and birdlife, all waiting to be encountered.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"slug":"wildlife-in-iceland","title":"Wildlife in Iceland","tags":[{"name":"Wildlife \u0026 Nature","id":"7cCJvu50nZPEtwpLy0lyjk","slug":"wildlife--nature","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Arctic Wildlife","id":"52ie53YHvM0Kfv1NDsq6qP","slug":"arctic-wildlife","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Volcanic Scenery","id":"SKN7wNz5Bhwjk12T0gn1l","slug":"volcanic-scenery","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Birds","id":"4z80je61agrmbNh09e6hGs","slug":"birds","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Seals","id":"2KlRq5WhzcVQTLkPWk4u9v","slug":"seals","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Whales","id":"1tQToF0cNtcnLUTo38xDTt","slug":"whales","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"},{"name":"Tales of the Arctic","id":"3ER6xBSFKrlgEgbKeL7cCg","slug":"tales-of-the-arctic","__typename":"B2cExpeditionTopic"}],"imageUrl":"//images.eu.ctfassets.net/vy34d8u43l9r/4iwadYQBfV4n9OZNQWKASe/174d829887bd916a5191ca8ac146bda4/icelandic-horses-iceland-island-hgr-114214-chalermkiat-seedokmai.jpg","imageAlt":"Icelandic Horses, Iceland - Photo: Halermkiat Seedokmai"},{"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A combination of Norway’s northerly location, elongated coastline and diverse ecosystems have created a unique habitat for many species. This is a sparsely populated land with probably more wildlife than people strewn across its thousands of islands, mountain ranges and spectacular fjords. Half the country sits above the Arctic Circle, home to distinct birds and animals not found in the southern regions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Biggest brain on the planet","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"During wintertime on the Norwegian coast, humpbacks and orcas can be spotted in the waters north of Tromsø. From late May to the middle of September, Norway’s summertime waters attract other whale species such as sperm and minke whales.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sperm whales are renowned for their large head and prominent domed foreheads. This feature comes in handy when you have the largest brain of any creature to have lived on earth. But is that all the sperm whales head encases? Scientists have found that their heads also hold considerable quantities of an oily substance called spermaceti. What is its purpose? No one ones for sure, but one theory is that it aids the animal’s buoyancy.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sperm whales are the largest of the toothed whales, often measuring longer than an average bus and weighing up to 45 tonnes. The front third of its body is made up of its dome-shaped head which encases the animal kingdom’s largest brain. To maintain their size and perhaps also to fuel their huge brain, they eat about a tonne of fish and squid per day.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"v